A yes-associated protein 1- Notch1 receptor positive feedback loop promotes breast cancer lung metastasis by attenuating the bone morphogenetic protein 4-SMAD family member 1/5 signaling

The Notch1 (Notch1 receptor) and yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) signaling can regulate breast cancer metastasis. This study aimed at investigating whether and how these two signal pathways crosstalk to promote breast cancer lung metastasis. Here, we show that YAP1 expression was positively correlated with Notch1 in breast cancer according to bioinformatics and experimental validation. Mechanistically, YAP1 with TEA domain transcription factors (TEADs) enhanced Jagged1(JAG1)-Notch1 signaling. Meanwhile, Notch1 promoted YAP1 stability in breast cancer cells by inhibiting the β-TrCP-mediated degradation, thereby, forming a YAP1- JAG1/Notch1 positive feedback loop in breast cancer. Furthermore, YAP1 enhanced the mammosphere formation and stemness of MDA-MB-231 cells by attenuating the inhibition of the BMP4-SMAD1/5 signaling. In vivo, the YAP1- JAG1/Notch1 positive feedback loop promoted the lung colonization of MDA-MB-231 cells. Our data for the first time indicate that the YAP1-Notch1 positive feedback loop promotes lung metastasis of breast cancer by modulating self-renewal and inhibiting the BMP4-SMAD1/5 signaling.