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Can Oral Zinc Supplementation Reduce Relapses in Childhood Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome? A Systematic Review

INTRODUCTION: Frequent relapses and steroid dependence are common treatment challenges of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) in children. Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the most frequently reported trigger of relapse. Given the role of zinc supplementation in preventing ARI, some stud...

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Autores principales: Mbanefo, Ngozi R, Uwaezuoke, Samuel N, Eneh, Chizoma I, Odimegwu, Chioma L, Chikani, Ugo N, Muoneke, Uzoamaka V, Nwolisa, Charles E, Odo, Kenneth E, Ogbuka, Francis N, Akwue, Anthony T
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10124555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37101939
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S403699
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author Mbanefo, Ngozi R
Uwaezuoke, Samuel N
Eneh, Chizoma I
Odimegwu, Chioma L
Chikani, Ugo N
Muoneke, Uzoamaka V
Nwolisa, Charles E
Odo, Kenneth E
Ogbuka, Francis N
Akwue, Anthony T
author_facet Mbanefo, Ngozi R
Uwaezuoke, Samuel N
Eneh, Chizoma I
Odimegwu, Chioma L
Chikani, Ugo N
Muoneke, Uzoamaka V
Nwolisa, Charles E
Odo, Kenneth E
Ogbuka, Francis N
Akwue, Anthony T
author_sort Mbanefo, Ngozi R
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Frequent relapses and steroid dependence are common treatment challenges of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) in children. Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the most frequently reported trigger of relapse. Given the role of zinc supplementation in preventing ARI, some studies show that this targeted intervention may reduce relapses in childhood SSNS. AIM: This systematic review aimed to determine if oral zinc supplementation can significantly reduce relapses in this disease. METHODS: We searched the PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases for interventional and observational analytical studies without limiting their year or language of publication. We selected studies with primary data that met our inclusion criteria, screened their titles and abstracts, and removed duplicates. We used a preconceived structured form to extract data items from selected studies and conducted a quality assessment of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies with the Cochrane collaboration tool and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale, respectively. We qualitatively synthesized the extracted data to validate the review’s objective. RESULTS: Eight full-text articles were selected, comprising four RCTs and four observational analytical studies. Two of the RCTs had a high risk of bias in three parameters of the Cochrane collaboration tool, while three non-randomized studies had low methodological quality. A total of 621 pediatric patients with SSNS were investigated in the eight studies: six participants dropped out in one study. Three RCTs indicate that zinc supplementation may lead to sustained remission or reduction in relapse rate. Similarly, three observational analytical studies suggest a significant relationship between reduced serum zinc levels and disease severity. CONCLUSION: Despite the association of zinc deficiency with increased morbidity in SSNS and the reduction of relapse rates with zinc supplementation, there is no robust evidence to recommend its use as a therapeutic adjunct. We recommend more adequately-powered RCTs to strengthen the current evidence.
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spelling pubmed-101245552023-04-25 Can Oral Zinc Supplementation Reduce Relapses in Childhood Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome? A Systematic Review Mbanefo, Ngozi R Uwaezuoke, Samuel N Eneh, Chizoma I Odimegwu, Chioma L Chikani, Ugo N Muoneke, Uzoamaka V Nwolisa, Charles E Odo, Kenneth E Ogbuka, Francis N Akwue, Anthony T Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis Review INTRODUCTION: Frequent relapses and steroid dependence are common treatment challenges of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) in children. Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the most frequently reported trigger of relapse. Given the role of zinc supplementation in preventing ARI, some studies show that this targeted intervention may reduce relapses in childhood SSNS. AIM: This systematic review aimed to determine if oral zinc supplementation can significantly reduce relapses in this disease. METHODS: We searched the PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases for interventional and observational analytical studies without limiting their year or language of publication. We selected studies with primary data that met our inclusion criteria, screened their titles and abstracts, and removed duplicates. We used a preconceived structured form to extract data items from selected studies and conducted a quality assessment of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies with the Cochrane collaboration tool and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale, respectively. We qualitatively synthesized the extracted data to validate the review’s objective. RESULTS: Eight full-text articles were selected, comprising four RCTs and four observational analytical studies. Two of the RCTs had a high risk of bias in three parameters of the Cochrane collaboration tool, while three non-randomized studies had low methodological quality. A total of 621 pediatric patients with SSNS were investigated in the eight studies: six participants dropped out in one study. Three RCTs indicate that zinc supplementation may lead to sustained remission or reduction in relapse rate. Similarly, three observational analytical studies suggest a significant relationship between reduced serum zinc levels and disease severity. CONCLUSION: Despite the association of zinc deficiency with increased morbidity in SSNS and the reduction of relapse rates with zinc supplementation, there is no robust evidence to recommend its use as a therapeutic adjunct. We recommend more adequately-powered RCTs to strengthen the current evidence. Dove 2023-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10124555/ /pubmed/37101939 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S403699 Text en © 2023 Mbanefo et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) ). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Review
Mbanefo, Ngozi R
Uwaezuoke, Samuel N
Eneh, Chizoma I
Odimegwu, Chioma L
Chikani, Ugo N
Muoneke, Uzoamaka V
Nwolisa, Charles E
Odo, Kenneth E
Ogbuka, Francis N
Akwue, Anthony T
Can Oral Zinc Supplementation Reduce Relapses in Childhood Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome? A Systematic Review
title Can Oral Zinc Supplementation Reduce Relapses in Childhood Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome? A Systematic Review
title_full Can Oral Zinc Supplementation Reduce Relapses in Childhood Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome? A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Can Oral Zinc Supplementation Reduce Relapses in Childhood Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome? A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Can Oral Zinc Supplementation Reduce Relapses in Childhood Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome? A Systematic Review
title_short Can Oral Zinc Supplementation Reduce Relapses in Childhood Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome? A Systematic Review
title_sort can oral zinc supplementation reduce relapses in childhood steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome? a systematic review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10124555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37101939
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S403699
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