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Insights into the primate trade into the European Union and the United Kingdom
Illegal and/or unsustainable trade is a major obstacle to effective primate conservation. The wildlife trade in the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) is significant, but for many species, such as primates, the trade is poorly understood and sparsely reported. All EU countries are Party...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10125847/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37128503 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-023-01681-3 |
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author | Svensson, Magdalena S. Nijman, Vincent Shepherd, Chris R. |
author_facet | Svensson, Magdalena S. Nijman, Vincent Shepherd, Chris R. |
author_sort | Svensson, Magdalena S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Illegal and/or unsustainable trade is a major obstacle to effective primate conservation. The wildlife trade in the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) is significant, but for many species, such as primates, the trade is poorly understood and sparsely reported. All EU countries are Party to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES); all primates are listed on Appendix I or II of CITES and are included on Annex A or B of Regulation (EC) No 338/97. We here combine data from several databases (CITES, UN Comtrade, TRAFFIC WiTIS) and seizure reports, to provide a narrative of the trade in primates into and within Europe. The legal import of live primates (2002–2021) amounted to 218,000–238,000 individuals (valued at US$ 869 million), with France, the UK, and Spain as the main importers and Mauritius, Vietnam, and China as the main exporters. Over 21,000 primate parts (trophies, skulls, bodies) were imported mainly from African countries, and UN Comtrade data suggests that ~ 600 tonnes of primate meat was imported mainly from Asia. The vast majority of live primates are either captive-born or captive-bred, and this proportion has increased over time. Reports of the illegal primate trade are far from complete, but the illegal trade of specific species or primate meat can have negative impacts of wild populations of already imperiled species. Stronger policies and more effective enforcement in consumer countries, such as the EU, would also aid in, and garner support for, better protecting primates in primate range states. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10125847 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101258472023-04-27 Insights into the primate trade into the European Union and the United Kingdom Svensson, Magdalena S. Nijman, Vincent Shepherd, Chris R. Eur J Wildl Res Original Article Illegal and/or unsustainable trade is a major obstacle to effective primate conservation. The wildlife trade in the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) is significant, but for many species, such as primates, the trade is poorly understood and sparsely reported. All EU countries are Party to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES); all primates are listed on Appendix I or II of CITES and are included on Annex A or B of Regulation (EC) No 338/97. We here combine data from several databases (CITES, UN Comtrade, TRAFFIC WiTIS) and seizure reports, to provide a narrative of the trade in primates into and within Europe. The legal import of live primates (2002–2021) amounted to 218,000–238,000 individuals (valued at US$ 869 million), with France, the UK, and Spain as the main importers and Mauritius, Vietnam, and China as the main exporters. Over 21,000 primate parts (trophies, skulls, bodies) were imported mainly from African countries, and UN Comtrade data suggests that ~ 600 tonnes of primate meat was imported mainly from Asia. The vast majority of live primates are either captive-born or captive-bred, and this proportion has increased over time. Reports of the illegal primate trade are far from complete, but the illegal trade of specific species or primate meat can have negative impacts of wild populations of already imperiled species. Stronger policies and more effective enforcement in consumer countries, such as the EU, would also aid in, and garner support for, better protecting primates in primate range states. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023-04-25 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10125847/ /pubmed/37128503 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-023-01681-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Article Svensson, Magdalena S. Nijman, Vincent Shepherd, Chris R. Insights into the primate trade into the European Union and the United Kingdom |
title | Insights into the primate trade into the European Union and the United Kingdom |
title_full | Insights into the primate trade into the European Union and the United Kingdom |
title_fullStr | Insights into the primate trade into the European Union and the United Kingdom |
title_full_unstemmed | Insights into the primate trade into the European Union and the United Kingdom |
title_short | Insights into the primate trade into the European Union and the United Kingdom |
title_sort | insights into the primate trade into the european union and the united kingdom |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10125847/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37128503 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-023-01681-3 |
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