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The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, China
INTRODUCTION: The application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRN) has become an important production method to achieve high crop yield and ecological safety. However, the rate of urea-blended CRN for rice is usually determined by conventional urea, and the actual rate is still unclear. M...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10126250/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37113601 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1144461 |
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author | Yuan, Manman Sun, Yixiang Wu, Gang Wang, Jiabao Liu, Chuang Tang, Tongtong Zhang, Xiangming Wang, Wenjun Jing, Yudan |
author_facet | Yuan, Manman Sun, Yixiang Wu, Gang Wang, Jiabao Liu, Chuang Tang, Tongtong Zhang, Xiangming Wang, Wenjun Jing, Yudan |
author_sort | Yuan, Manman |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: The application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRN) has become an important production method to achieve high crop yield and ecological safety. However, the rate of urea-blended CRN for rice is usually determined by conventional urea, and the actual rate is still unclear. METHODS: A five-year field experiment was carried out in the Chaohu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta to study rice yield, N fertilizer utilization efficiency (NUE), ammonia (NH3) volatilization and economic benefit under the four urea-blended CRN treatments with a 4:3:3 ratio applied at one time (60, 120, 180, 240 kg/hm2, CRN60, CRN120, CRN180, CRN240), four conventional N fertilizer treatments (N60, N120, N180, N240) and a control without N fertilizer (N0). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results showed that the N released from the blended CRNs could well satisfy the N demand of rice growth. Similar to the conventional N fertilizer treatments, a quadratic equation was used to model the relationship between rice yield and N rate under the blended CRN treatments. The blended CRN treatments increased rice yield by 0.9-8.2% and NUE by 6.9-14.8%, respectively, compared with the conventional N fertilizer treatments at the same N application rate. The increase in NUE in response to applied blended CRN was related to the reduction in NH3 volatilization. Based on the quadratic equation, the five-year average NUE under the blended CRN treatment was 42.0% when rice yield reached the maximum, which was 28.9% higher than that under the conventional N fertilizer treatment. Among all treatments, CRN180 had the highest yield and net benefit in 2019. Considering the yield output, environmental loss, labor and fertilizer costs, the optimum economic N rate under the blended CRN treatment in the Chaohu watershed was 180-214 kg/hm2, compared with 212-278 kg/hm2 under the conventional N fertilizer treatment. The findings suggest that blended CRN improved rice yield, NUE and economic income while decreasing NH3 volatilization and negative environmental outcomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10126250 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101262502023-04-26 The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, China Yuan, Manman Sun, Yixiang Wu, Gang Wang, Jiabao Liu, Chuang Tang, Tongtong Zhang, Xiangming Wang, Wenjun Jing, Yudan Front Plant Sci Plant Science INTRODUCTION: The application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRN) has become an important production method to achieve high crop yield and ecological safety. However, the rate of urea-blended CRN for rice is usually determined by conventional urea, and the actual rate is still unclear. METHODS: A five-year field experiment was carried out in the Chaohu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta to study rice yield, N fertilizer utilization efficiency (NUE), ammonia (NH3) volatilization and economic benefit under the four urea-blended CRN treatments with a 4:3:3 ratio applied at one time (60, 120, 180, 240 kg/hm2, CRN60, CRN120, CRN180, CRN240), four conventional N fertilizer treatments (N60, N120, N180, N240) and a control without N fertilizer (N0). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results showed that the N released from the blended CRNs could well satisfy the N demand of rice growth. Similar to the conventional N fertilizer treatments, a quadratic equation was used to model the relationship between rice yield and N rate under the blended CRN treatments. The blended CRN treatments increased rice yield by 0.9-8.2% and NUE by 6.9-14.8%, respectively, compared with the conventional N fertilizer treatments at the same N application rate. The increase in NUE in response to applied blended CRN was related to the reduction in NH3 volatilization. Based on the quadratic equation, the five-year average NUE under the blended CRN treatment was 42.0% when rice yield reached the maximum, which was 28.9% higher than that under the conventional N fertilizer treatment. Among all treatments, CRN180 had the highest yield and net benefit in 2019. Considering the yield output, environmental loss, labor and fertilizer costs, the optimum economic N rate under the blended CRN treatment in the Chaohu watershed was 180-214 kg/hm2, compared with 212-278 kg/hm2 under the conventional N fertilizer treatment. The findings suggest that blended CRN improved rice yield, NUE and economic income while decreasing NH3 volatilization and negative environmental outcomes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-04-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10126250/ /pubmed/37113601 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1144461 Text en Copyright © 2023 Yuan, Sun, Wu, Wang, Liu, Tang, Zhang, Wang and Jing https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Yuan, Manman Sun, Yixiang Wu, Gang Wang, Jiabao Liu, Chuang Tang, Tongtong Zhang, Xiangming Wang, Wenjun Jing, Yudan The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, China |
title | The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, China |
title_full | The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, China |
title_fullStr | The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, China |
title_full_unstemmed | The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, China |
title_short | The optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the Chanoyu watershed in the Yangtze River Delta, China |
title_sort | optimum economic nitrogen rate of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in the chanoyu watershed in the yangtze river delta, china |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10126250/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37113601 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1144461 |
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