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Antibodies Against Epstein–Barr Virus as Disease Markers of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Gastric cancer is the fourth deadliest cancer worldwide. Due to the lack of specific early symptoms and noninvasive methods for early detection, the prognosis of gastric cancer patients is poor. Gastric cancer has a well-recognized infectious etiology, with Helicobacter pylori and Epst...

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Autores principales: Fontes-Lemus, José I., Zhao, Isaac, Rabkin, Charles S., Fuentes-Pananá, Ezequiel M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10126687/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37078150
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15330338231169875
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author Fontes-Lemus, José I.
Zhao, Isaac
Rabkin, Charles S.
Fuentes-Pananá, Ezequiel M.
author_facet Fontes-Lemus, José I.
Zhao, Isaac
Rabkin, Charles S.
Fuentes-Pananá, Ezequiel M.
author_sort Fontes-Lemus, José I.
collection PubMed
description Introduction: Gastric cancer is the fourth deadliest cancer worldwide. Due to the lack of specific early symptoms and noninvasive methods for early detection, the prognosis of gastric cancer patients is poor. Gastric cancer has a well-recognized infectious etiology, with Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr Virus being the main associated infectious agents. Although other Epstein–Barr Virus-associated malignancies often manifest with abnormal levels of anti-Epstein–Barr Virus antibodies, it is not clear whether this is also true for gastric cancer. Potentially, these antibodies could serve as a noninvasive tool for gastric cancer screening or as markers for gastric cancer risk and provide a better understanding of the participation of Epstein–Barr Virus in the development of this neoplasm. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of articles analyzing anti-Epstein–Barr Virus serology in gastric cancer and precursor lesions following PRISMA guidelines. Patients were classified according to the Correa cascade of gastric lesions and whether they were positive or negative by EBER-in situ hybridization (Epstein–Barr Virus-associated gastric cancer and Epstein–Barr Virus-nonassociated gastric cancer, respectively). Results: We retrieved 16 articles involving 9735 subjects from 12 different countries and 4 databases, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Higher antibody titers were observed not only in Epstein–Barr Virus-associated gastric cancer than in Epstein–Barr Virus-nonassociated gastric cancer but also in Epstein–Barr Virus-nonassociated gastric cancer and gastric cancer–precursor lesions when compared with patients with mild dyspepsia or healthy controls. In all cases, the associations were predominantly with antibodies directed against lytic cycle antigens. Conclusion: Data support the role of Epstein–Barr Virus lytic reactivation in the development of advanced gastric lesions. However, more studies are needed to confirm these associations, particularly the association with lesions considered negative by EBER-in situ hybridization, and to establish a set of antibodies and thresholds indicative of enhanced risk to develop these lesions.
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spelling pubmed-101266872023-04-26 Antibodies Against Epstein–Barr Virus as Disease Markers of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review Fontes-Lemus, José I. Zhao, Isaac Rabkin, Charles S. Fuentes-Pananá, Ezequiel M. Technol Cancer Res Treat Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Gastric Cancer Introduction: Gastric cancer is the fourth deadliest cancer worldwide. Due to the lack of specific early symptoms and noninvasive methods for early detection, the prognosis of gastric cancer patients is poor. Gastric cancer has a well-recognized infectious etiology, with Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr Virus being the main associated infectious agents. Although other Epstein–Barr Virus-associated malignancies often manifest with abnormal levels of anti-Epstein–Barr Virus antibodies, it is not clear whether this is also true for gastric cancer. Potentially, these antibodies could serve as a noninvasive tool for gastric cancer screening or as markers for gastric cancer risk and provide a better understanding of the participation of Epstein–Barr Virus in the development of this neoplasm. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of articles analyzing anti-Epstein–Barr Virus serology in gastric cancer and precursor lesions following PRISMA guidelines. Patients were classified according to the Correa cascade of gastric lesions and whether they were positive or negative by EBER-in situ hybridization (Epstein–Barr Virus-associated gastric cancer and Epstein–Barr Virus-nonassociated gastric cancer, respectively). Results: We retrieved 16 articles involving 9735 subjects from 12 different countries and 4 databases, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Higher antibody titers were observed not only in Epstein–Barr Virus-associated gastric cancer than in Epstein–Barr Virus-nonassociated gastric cancer but also in Epstein–Barr Virus-nonassociated gastric cancer and gastric cancer–precursor lesions when compared with patients with mild dyspepsia or healthy controls. In all cases, the associations were predominantly with antibodies directed against lytic cycle antigens. Conclusion: Data support the role of Epstein–Barr Virus lytic reactivation in the development of advanced gastric lesions. However, more studies are needed to confirm these associations, particularly the association with lesions considered negative by EBER-in situ hybridization, and to establish a set of antibodies and thresholds indicative of enhanced risk to develop these lesions. SAGE Publications 2023-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10126687/ /pubmed/37078150 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15330338231169875 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Gastric Cancer
Fontes-Lemus, José I.
Zhao, Isaac
Rabkin, Charles S.
Fuentes-Pananá, Ezequiel M.
Antibodies Against Epstein–Barr Virus as Disease Markers of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review
title Antibodies Against Epstein–Barr Virus as Disease Markers of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review
title_full Antibodies Against Epstein–Barr Virus as Disease Markers of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Antibodies Against Epstein–Barr Virus as Disease Markers of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Antibodies Against Epstein–Barr Virus as Disease Markers of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review
title_short Antibodies Against Epstein–Barr Virus as Disease Markers of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review
title_sort antibodies against epstein–barr virus as disease markers of gastric cancer: a systematic review
topic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Gastric Cancer
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10126687/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37078150
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15330338231169875
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