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Automatic rape flower cluster counting method based on low-cost labelling and UAV-RGB images

BACKGROUND: The flowering period is a critical time for the growth of rape plants. Counting rape flower clusters can help farmers to predict the yield information of the corresponding rape fields. However, counting in-field is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. To address this, we explored a...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Li, Jie, Wang, Enguo, Qiao, Jiangwei, Li, Yi, Li, Li, Yao, Jian, Liao, Guisheng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10127388/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37095540
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-023-01017-x
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author Li, Jie
Wang, Enguo
Qiao, Jiangwei
Li, Yi
Li, Li
Yao, Jian
Liao, Guisheng
author_facet Li, Jie
Wang, Enguo
Qiao, Jiangwei
Li, Yi
Li, Li
Yao, Jian
Liao, Guisheng
author_sort Li, Jie
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The flowering period is a critical time for the growth of rape plants. Counting rape flower clusters can help farmers to predict the yield information of the corresponding rape fields. However, counting in-field is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. To address this, we explored a deep learning counting method based on unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV). The proposed method developed the in-field counting of rape flower clusters as a density estimation problem. It is different from the object detection method of counting the bounding boxes. The crucial step of the density map estimation using deep learning is to train a deep neural network that maps from an input image to the corresponding annotated density map. RESULTS: We explored a rape flower cluster counting network series: RapeNet and RapeNet+. A rectangular box labeling-based rape flower clusters dataset (RFRB) and a centroid labeling-based rape flower clusters dataset (RFCP) were used for network model training. To verify the performance of RapeNet series, the paper compares the counting result with the real values of manual annotation. The average accuracy (Acc), relative root mean square error (rrMSE) and [Formula: see text] of the metrics are up to 0.9062, 12.03 and 0.9635 on the dataset RFRB, and 0.9538, 5.61 and 0.9826 on the dataset RFCP, respectively. The resolution has little influence for the proposed model. In addition, the visualization results have some interpretability. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the RapeNet series outperforms other state-of-the-art counting approaches. The proposed method provides an important technical support for the crop counting statistics of rape flower clusters in field.
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spelling pubmed-101273882023-04-26 Automatic rape flower cluster counting method based on low-cost labelling and UAV-RGB images Li, Jie Wang, Enguo Qiao, Jiangwei Li, Yi Li, Li Yao, Jian Liao, Guisheng Plant Methods Methodology BACKGROUND: The flowering period is a critical time for the growth of rape plants. Counting rape flower clusters can help farmers to predict the yield information of the corresponding rape fields. However, counting in-field is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. To address this, we explored a deep learning counting method based on unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV). The proposed method developed the in-field counting of rape flower clusters as a density estimation problem. It is different from the object detection method of counting the bounding boxes. The crucial step of the density map estimation using deep learning is to train a deep neural network that maps from an input image to the corresponding annotated density map. RESULTS: We explored a rape flower cluster counting network series: RapeNet and RapeNet+. A rectangular box labeling-based rape flower clusters dataset (RFRB) and a centroid labeling-based rape flower clusters dataset (RFCP) were used for network model training. To verify the performance of RapeNet series, the paper compares the counting result with the real values of manual annotation. The average accuracy (Acc), relative root mean square error (rrMSE) and [Formula: see text] of the metrics are up to 0.9062, 12.03 and 0.9635 on the dataset RFRB, and 0.9538, 5.61 and 0.9826 on the dataset RFCP, respectively. The resolution has little influence for the proposed model. In addition, the visualization results have some interpretability. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the RapeNet series outperforms other state-of-the-art counting approaches. The proposed method provides an important technical support for the crop counting statistics of rape flower clusters in field. BioMed Central 2023-04-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10127388/ /pubmed/37095540 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-023-01017-x Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Methodology
Li, Jie
Wang, Enguo
Qiao, Jiangwei
Li, Yi
Li, Li
Yao, Jian
Liao, Guisheng
Automatic rape flower cluster counting method based on low-cost labelling and UAV-RGB images
title Automatic rape flower cluster counting method based on low-cost labelling and UAV-RGB images
title_full Automatic rape flower cluster counting method based on low-cost labelling and UAV-RGB images
title_fullStr Automatic rape flower cluster counting method based on low-cost labelling and UAV-RGB images
title_full_unstemmed Automatic rape flower cluster counting method based on low-cost labelling and UAV-RGB images
title_short Automatic rape flower cluster counting method based on low-cost labelling and UAV-RGB images
title_sort automatic rape flower cluster counting method based on low-cost labelling and uav-rgb images
topic Methodology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10127388/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37095540
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-023-01017-x
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