An Indonesian male with HIV/AIDS, pulmonary tuberculosis, and deep vein thrombosis: a case report and literature review

HIV/AIDS and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). However, the simultaneous occurrence of HIV/AIDS, pulmonary TB, and DVT is rare. CASE PRESENTATION: An Indonesian male, 30 years old, complained of pain, erythema, tenderness, and swelling in the left leg for 1 month, weight loss, and night sweats. The patient had been diagnosed with AIDS, a new case of pulmonary TB and TB lymphadenitis on therapy. Left inferior extremity vascular Doppler ultrasound showed partial DVT in the common femoral vein, superficial femoral to left popliteal vein. He received fondaparinux and warfarin therapy, and swelling and leg pain improved. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Although patients with HIV have a risk for venous thromboembolism, the occurrence mechanism of this phenomenon is still uncertain. Some factors affecting venous thromboembolism in HIV are low CD4 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can induce anticardiolipin antibodies and hypercoagulation conditions. CONCLUSION: The patient diagnosed with DVT, a rare complication in HIV and pulmonary TB, is reported. This patient is getting better after using fondaparinux and Warfarin.