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Prevalence and morphometry of sternal and xiphoid foramen: a meta-analysis on 16,666 subjects
PURPOSE: Sternal foramen is a perforation of the sternum that can be a source of misdiagnosis during radiographic imaging or life-threatening perforations during bone marrow sampling. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis on the prevalence, morphometrics, and location of foramen in th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Paris
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10129975/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36918418 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-023-03116-9 |
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author | Pasieka, Patrycja Pasieka, Paweł Melchior Komosa, Alexander Barnowska, Agnieszka Pękala, Jakub Malinowski, Konrad Tomaszewski, Krzysztof |
author_facet | Pasieka, Patrycja Pasieka, Paweł Melchior Komosa, Alexander Barnowska, Agnieszka Pękala, Jakub Malinowski, Konrad Tomaszewski, Krzysztof |
author_sort | Pasieka, Patrycja |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: Sternal foramen is a perforation of the sternum that can be a source of misdiagnosis during radiographic imaging or life-threatening perforations during bone marrow sampling. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis on the prevalence, morphometrics, and location of foramen in the sternal body and xiphoid process, describe morphometric features of this phenomenon, and thus verify its clinical importance. Moreover, our secondary outcome was to compare effectiveness of various imaging methods in diagnosis of the sternal or xiphoid foramen. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted on major scientific databases to identify studies containing relevant information. Data on foramen’s prevalence, location, morphometrics, and accompanying findings were extracted and pooled into a meta-analysis using MetaXL 5.0. RESULTS: Thirty-five studies (n = 16,666 subjects) were included. The overall pooled prevalence of a foramen in the sternal body and/or a xiphoid process was 8.9% (95% CI 6.5–11.7) and it equaled 6.5% (95% CI 5.6–7.6) for sternal body alone and 2.9% (95% CI 0.5–6.9) for the xiphoid process. The foramen was more prevalent in males than in females (12.2% vs. 6.8%). The prevalence of sternal foramen was higher in South American [13.9% (95% CI 11.2–16.9)] and African [13.6% (95% CI 9.7–18.0)] studies compared to North American [6.2% (95% CI 5.0–7.5)] and European populations [8.6% (95% CI 3.1–16.3)]. Mean transverse and vertical diameter of foramen equaled 4.7 mm (95% CI 3.8–5.5), and 5.6 mm (95% CI 4.2–6.9), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our analysis proves that the sternal foramina are structures of significant prevalence and size. Any physician should keep them in mind when performing punctures in this area. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10129975 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Springer Paris |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101299752023-04-27 Prevalence and morphometry of sternal and xiphoid foramen: a meta-analysis on 16,666 subjects Pasieka, Patrycja Pasieka, Paweł Melchior Komosa, Alexander Barnowska, Agnieszka Pękala, Jakub Malinowski, Konrad Tomaszewski, Krzysztof Surg Radiol Anat Original Article PURPOSE: Sternal foramen is a perforation of the sternum that can be a source of misdiagnosis during radiographic imaging or life-threatening perforations during bone marrow sampling. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis on the prevalence, morphometrics, and location of foramen in the sternal body and xiphoid process, describe morphometric features of this phenomenon, and thus verify its clinical importance. Moreover, our secondary outcome was to compare effectiveness of various imaging methods in diagnosis of the sternal or xiphoid foramen. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted on major scientific databases to identify studies containing relevant information. Data on foramen’s prevalence, location, morphometrics, and accompanying findings were extracted and pooled into a meta-analysis using MetaXL 5.0. RESULTS: Thirty-five studies (n = 16,666 subjects) were included. The overall pooled prevalence of a foramen in the sternal body and/or a xiphoid process was 8.9% (95% CI 6.5–11.7) and it equaled 6.5% (95% CI 5.6–7.6) for sternal body alone and 2.9% (95% CI 0.5–6.9) for the xiphoid process. The foramen was more prevalent in males than in females (12.2% vs. 6.8%). The prevalence of sternal foramen was higher in South American [13.9% (95% CI 11.2–16.9)] and African [13.6% (95% CI 9.7–18.0)] studies compared to North American [6.2% (95% CI 5.0–7.5)] and European populations [8.6% (95% CI 3.1–16.3)]. Mean transverse and vertical diameter of foramen equaled 4.7 mm (95% CI 3.8–5.5), and 5.6 mm (95% CI 4.2–6.9), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our analysis proves that the sternal foramina are structures of significant prevalence and size. Any physician should keep them in mind when performing punctures in this area. Springer Paris 2023-03-15 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10129975/ /pubmed/36918418 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-023-03116-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Article Pasieka, Patrycja Pasieka, Paweł Melchior Komosa, Alexander Barnowska, Agnieszka Pękala, Jakub Malinowski, Konrad Tomaszewski, Krzysztof Prevalence and morphometry of sternal and xiphoid foramen: a meta-analysis on 16,666 subjects |
title | Prevalence and morphometry of sternal and xiphoid foramen: a meta-analysis on 16,666 subjects |
title_full | Prevalence and morphometry of sternal and xiphoid foramen: a meta-analysis on 16,666 subjects |
title_fullStr | Prevalence and morphometry of sternal and xiphoid foramen: a meta-analysis on 16,666 subjects |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and morphometry of sternal and xiphoid foramen: a meta-analysis on 16,666 subjects |
title_short | Prevalence and morphometry of sternal and xiphoid foramen: a meta-analysis on 16,666 subjects |
title_sort | prevalence and morphometry of sternal and xiphoid foramen: a meta-analysis on 16,666 subjects |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10129975/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36918418 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-023-03116-9 |
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