Contemporary Review of Masses in the Canal of Nuck

Canal of Nuck masses is a rare occurrence that can cause swelling in the abdominal-inguinal region of females for various reasons. This condition arises due to an abnormal persistence of the processus vaginalis opening. Although Canal of Nuck pathology is not widely known among general surgeons or gynecologists due to its rarity, it has been associated with significant morbidity and requires further research. In this comprehensive review, we aim to summarize the embryology and anatomy of the Canal of Nuck, followed by a description of the various types of masses that can occur in this region. We discuss the clinical presentation and diagnostic workup of Canal of Nuck masses, including imaging modalities and differential diagnoses. Next, we review the surgical management of these masses, including open and laparoscopic approaches. Finally, we discuss the potential complications and long-term outcomes associated with Canal of Nuck pathology. This review aims to compile the presently accessible literature on anomalies occurring in the Canal of Nuck in females, with a particular focus on describing their pathological nature, diagnosis, and management. In summary, this review provides an up-to-date understanding of the pathology, diagnosis, and management of Canal of Nuck masses and aims to raise awareness of this under-recognized surgical challenge among healthcare providers.