A case of choroidal melanocytosis observed by multimodal imaging with laser speckle flowgraphy

BACKGROUND: Choroidal melanocytosis is characterized by congenital diffuse melanin pigmentation with extensive parenchymal infiltration of spindle cells in the choroid; however, little is known about the choroidal circulation and morphological changes. We herein report a case of choroidal melanocytosis observed by multimodal imaging with laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG). CASE PRESENTATION: A 56-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of serous retinal detachment (SRD) in her left eye. At the initial examination, her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.5 oculus dexter (OD) and 0.8 oculus sinister (OS). An irregular, flat, brownish lesion was noted around the macula OS. Optical coherence tomography showed a choroidal structure with marked hyporeflectivity and SRD where the retinal thickness was preserved. Indocyanine green angiography demonstrated fluorescence blockade throughout. Fundus autofluorescence revealed enlarged macular hypofluorescence, suggesting chronic retinal pigment epithelium damage associated with prolonged SRD. B-mode echography showed no choroidal elevation. Based on the clinical findings, the left eye was diagnosed with choroidal melanocytosis. Four years and 10 months after the initial visit, her BCVA was 0.5 and SRD remained. During the entire period of observation, the mean blur rate (MBR) (mean ± standard deviation) of choroidal blood flow velocity on LSFG was 10.15 ± 0.72 arbitrary units (AU) OD and 1.31 ± 0.06 AU OS. CONCLUSION: Choroidal melanocytosis presented with chronic minor circulatory disturbances due to melanocyte proliferation in the choroid, but the markedly low MBR values by LSFG were dissociated from her retinal thickness and visual function. The proliferation of melanocytes may be a cause of overestimating the cold-color signal of LSFG due to their pigmentation.