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A Longitudinal Study on the Dynamics of Salmonella enterica Prevalence and Serovar Composition in Beef Cattle Feces and Lymph Nodes and Potential Contributing Sources from the Feedlot Environment

Salmonella can persist in the feedlot pen environment, acting as a source of transmission among beef cattle. Concurrently, cattle that are colonized with Salmonella can perpetuate contamination of the pen environment through fecal shedding. To study these cyclical dynamics, pen environment and bovin...

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Autores principales: Nickodem, Colette, Arnold, Ashley N., Gehring, Kerri B., Gill, Jason J., Richeson, John T., Samuelson, Kendall L., Scott, H. Morgan, Smith, Jason K., Taylor, T. Matthew, Vinasco, Javier, Norman, Keri N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10132121/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37022263
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00033-23
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author Nickodem, Colette
Arnold, Ashley N.
Gehring, Kerri B.
Gill, Jason J.
Richeson, John T.
Samuelson, Kendall L.
Scott, H. Morgan
Smith, Jason K.
Taylor, T. Matthew
Vinasco, Javier
Norman, Keri N.
author_facet Nickodem, Colette
Arnold, Ashley N.
Gehring, Kerri B.
Gill, Jason J.
Richeson, John T.
Samuelson, Kendall L.
Scott, H. Morgan
Smith, Jason K.
Taylor, T. Matthew
Vinasco, Javier
Norman, Keri N.
author_sort Nickodem, Colette
collection PubMed
description Salmonella can persist in the feedlot pen environment, acting as a source of transmission among beef cattle. Concurrently, cattle that are colonized with Salmonella can perpetuate contamination of the pen environment through fecal shedding. To study these cyclical dynamics, pen environment and bovine samples were collected for a 7-month longitudinal comparison of Salmonella prevalence, serovar, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. These samples included composite environment, water, and feed from the feedlot pens (n = 30) and cattle (n = 282) feces and subiliac lymph nodes. Salmonella prevalence across all sample types was 57.7%, with the highest prevalence in the pen environment (76.0%) and feces (70.9%). Salmonella was identified in 42.3% of the subiliac lymph nodes. Based on a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model, Salmonella prevalence varied significantly (P < 0.05) by collection month for most sample types. Eight Salmonella serovars were identified, and most isolates were pansusceptible, except for a point mutation in the parC gene, associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. There was a proportional difference in serovars Montevideo, Anatum, and Lubbock comparing the environment (37.2, 15.9, and 11.0%, respectively), fecal (27.5, 22.2, and 14.6%, respectively), and lymph node (15.6, 30.2, and 17.7%, respectively) samples. This suggests that the ability of Salmonella to migrate from the pen environment to the cattle host—or vice versa—is serovar specific. The presence of certain serovars also varied by season. Our results provide evidence that Salmonella serovar dynamics differ when comparing environment and host; therefore, developing serovar-specific preharvest environmental Salmonella mitigation strategies should be considered. IMPORTANCE Salmonella contamination of beef products, specifically from the incorporation of bovine lymph nodes into ground beef, remains a food safety concern. Current postharvest Salmonella mitigation techniques do not address Salmonella bacteria that are harbored in the lymph nodes, nor is it well understood how Salmonella invades the lymph nodes. Alternatively, preharvest mitigation techniques that can be applied to the feedlot environment, such as moisture applications, probiotics, or bacteriophage, may reduce Salmonella before dissemination into cattle lymph nodes. However, previous research conducted in cattle feedlots includes study designs that are cross-sectional, are limited to point-in-time sampling, or are limited to sampling of the cattle host, making it difficult to assess the Salmonella interactions between environment and hosts. This longitudinal analysis of the cattle feedlot explores the Salmonella dynamics between the feedlot environment and beef cattle over time to determine the applicability of preharvest environmental treatments.
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spelling pubmed-101321212023-04-27 A Longitudinal Study on the Dynamics of Salmonella enterica Prevalence and Serovar Composition in Beef Cattle Feces and Lymph Nodes and Potential Contributing Sources from the Feedlot Environment Nickodem, Colette Arnold, Ashley N. Gehring, Kerri B. Gill, Jason J. Richeson, John T. Samuelson, Kendall L. Scott, H. Morgan Smith, Jason K. Taylor, T. Matthew Vinasco, Javier Norman, Keri N. Appl Environ Microbiol Environmental Microbiology Salmonella can persist in the feedlot pen environment, acting as a source of transmission among beef cattle. Concurrently, cattle that are colonized with Salmonella can perpetuate contamination of the pen environment through fecal shedding. To study these cyclical dynamics, pen environment and bovine samples were collected for a 7-month longitudinal comparison of Salmonella prevalence, serovar, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. These samples included composite environment, water, and feed from the feedlot pens (n = 30) and cattle (n = 282) feces and subiliac lymph nodes. Salmonella prevalence across all sample types was 57.7%, with the highest prevalence in the pen environment (76.0%) and feces (70.9%). Salmonella was identified in 42.3% of the subiliac lymph nodes. Based on a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model, Salmonella prevalence varied significantly (P < 0.05) by collection month for most sample types. Eight Salmonella serovars were identified, and most isolates were pansusceptible, except for a point mutation in the parC gene, associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. There was a proportional difference in serovars Montevideo, Anatum, and Lubbock comparing the environment (37.2, 15.9, and 11.0%, respectively), fecal (27.5, 22.2, and 14.6%, respectively), and lymph node (15.6, 30.2, and 17.7%, respectively) samples. This suggests that the ability of Salmonella to migrate from the pen environment to the cattle host—or vice versa—is serovar specific. The presence of certain serovars also varied by season. Our results provide evidence that Salmonella serovar dynamics differ when comparing environment and host; therefore, developing serovar-specific preharvest environmental Salmonella mitigation strategies should be considered. IMPORTANCE Salmonella contamination of beef products, specifically from the incorporation of bovine lymph nodes into ground beef, remains a food safety concern. Current postharvest Salmonella mitigation techniques do not address Salmonella bacteria that are harbored in the lymph nodes, nor is it well understood how Salmonella invades the lymph nodes. Alternatively, preharvest mitigation techniques that can be applied to the feedlot environment, such as moisture applications, probiotics, or bacteriophage, may reduce Salmonella before dissemination into cattle lymph nodes. However, previous research conducted in cattle feedlots includes study designs that are cross-sectional, are limited to point-in-time sampling, or are limited to sampling of the cattle host, making it difficult to assess the Salmonella interactions between environment and hosts. This longitudinal analysis of the cattle feedlot explores the Salmonella dynamics between the feedlot environment and beef cattle over time to determine the applicability of preharvest environmental treatments. American Society for Microbiology 2023-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10132121/ /pubmed/37022263 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00033-23 Text en Copyright © 2023 Nickodem et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Environmental Microbiology
Nickodem, Colette
Arnold, Ashley N.
Gehring, Kerri B.
Gill, Jason J.
Richeson, John T.
Samuelson, Kendall L.
Scott, H. Morgan
Smith, Jason K.
Taylor, T. Matthew
Vinasco, Javier
Norman, Keri N.
A Longitudinal Study on the Dynamics of Salmonella enterica Prevalence and Serovar Composition in Beef Cattle Feces and Lymph Nodes and Potential Contributing Sources from the Feedlot Environment
title A Longitudinal Study on the Dynamics of Salmonella enterica Prevalence and Serovar Composition in Beef Cattle Feces and Lymph Nodes and Potential Contributing Sources from the Feedlot Environment
title_full A Longitudinal Study on the Dynamics of Salmonella enterica Prevalence and Serovar Composition in Beef Cattle Feces and Lymph Nodes and Potential Contributing Sources from the Feedlot Environment
title_fullStr A Longitudinal Study on the Dynamics of Salmonella enterica Prevalence and Serovar Composition in Beef Cattle Feces and Lymph Nodes and Potential Contributing Sources from the Feedlot Environment
title_full_unstemmed A Longitudinal Study on the Dynamics of Salmonella enterica Prevalence and Serovar Composition in Beef Cattle Feces and Lymph Nodes and Potential Contributing Sources from the Feedlot Environment
title_short A Longitudinal Study on the Dynamics of Salmonella enterica Prevalence and Serovar Composition in Beef Cattle Feces and Lymph Nodes and Potential Contributing Sources from the Feedlot Environment
title_sort longitudinal study on the dynamics of salmonella enterica prevalence and serovar composition in beef cattle feces and lymph nodes and potential contributing sources from the feedlot environment
topic Environmental Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10132121/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37022263
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00033-23
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