Plasma Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in Patients with Chronic Chagas Heart Disease and Systemic Arterial Hypertension: Correlation with TGF-Beta Plasma Levels

BACKGROUND: Chronic Chagas heart disease (CCHD) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) frequently coexists in areas where Chagas disease is endemic. The effects of the association of both conditions (CCHD-SAH) on the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling are unknown. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 are involved in ECM remodeling. The aim of this study was to evaluate MMP 2 and MMP9 in CCHD-SAH patients and to correlate their levels with those of the profibrogenic cytokine TGF-beta. METHODS: We included 19 patients with CCHD-SAH, 14 patients with CCHD alone, and 19 controls matched by sex and age. MMP-2 and MMP-9 plasma levels were studied by gel zymography and showed as optical densities (OD). TGF-beta plasma levels were measured by double-ligand ELISA and expressed as pg/mL. RESULTS: Median (5(th), 95(th)) MMP-2 plasma levels were 1224.7 OD (1160, 1433.5) in patients with CCHD alone, 1424.1 OD (1267.5, 1561) in patients with CCHD-SAH, and 940 OD (898.1, 1000.8) in controls (p=0.001). MMP-9 plasma levels were 1870 OD (1740, 1904.1) in patients with CCHD alone, 1754.6 OD (1650, 2049) in those with CCHD-SAH and 89.7 OD (80, 96) in controls (p=0.0003). MMP-9 plasma levels were higher than those of MMP 2 in patients with CCHD-SAH (p=0.01). No correlation was found between TGF-beta plasma levels with MMP-2 serum levels (r = 0.12; p=0.7), but a moderate negative correlation (r = −0.46; p=0.048) was observed between TGF-beta and MMP-9 plasma levels. CONCLUSIONS: MMP-2 and especially MMP-9 may play a role in the ECM remodeling process in patients with CCHD-SAH. TGF-Beta may counteract the MMP effect on the ECM remodeling process in patients with CCHD-SAH.