Principal component analysis of adipose tissue gene expression of lipogenic and adipogenic factors in obesity

OBJECTIVE: A better understanding of mechanisms regulating lipogenesis and adipogenesis is needed to overcome the obesity pandemic. We aimed to study the relationship of the transcript levels of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α), liver X receptor (LXR), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from obese and normal-weight women with a variety of anthropometric indices, metabolic and biochemical parameters, and insulin resistance. METHODS: Real‐time PCR was done to evaluate the transcript levels of the above‐mentioned genes in VAT and SAT from all participants. RESULTS: Using principal component analysis (PCA) results, two significant principal components were identified for adipogenic and lipogenic genes in SAT (SPC1 and SPC2) and VAT (VPC1 and VPC2). SPC1 was characterized by relatively high transcript levels of SREBP1c, PPARγ, FAS, and ACC. However, the second pattern (SPC2) was associated with C/EBPα and LXR α mRNA expression. VPC1 was characterized by transcript levels of SREBP1c, FAS, and ACC. However, the VPC2 was characterized by transcript levels of C/EBPα, LXR α, and PPARγ. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that unlike SPC2, which disclosed an inverse correlation with body mass index, waist and hip circumference, waist to height ratio, visceral adiposity index, HOMA-IR, conicity index, lipid accumulation product, and weight-adjusted waist index, the VPC1 was positively correlated with above-mentioned obesity indices. CONCLUSION: This study provided valuable data on multiple patterns for adipogenic and lipogenic genes in adipose tissues in association with a variety of anthropometric indices in obese subjects predicting adipose tissue dysfunction and lipid accumulation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12902-023-01347-w.