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The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19

In the 21st century, several emergent viruses have posed a global threat. Each pathogen has emphasized the value of rapid and scalable vaccine development programs. The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has made the importance of such efforts especially cl...

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Autores principales: Rando, Halie M., Lordan, Ronan, Kolla, Likhitha, Sell, Elizabeth, Lee, Alexandra J., Wellhausen, Nils, Naik, Amruta, Kamil, Jeremy P., Gitter, Anthony, Greene, Casey S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10134841/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36861992
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00928-22
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author Rando, Halie M.
Lordan, Ronan
Kolla, Likhitha
Sell, Elizabeth
Lee, Alexandra J.
Wellhausen, Nils
Naik, Amruta
Kamil, Jeremy P.
Gitter, Anthony
Greene, Casey S.
author_facet Rando, Halie M.
Lordan, Ronan
Kolla, Likhitha
Sell, Elizabeth
Lee, Alexandra J.
Wellhausen, Nils
Naik, Amruta
Kamil, Jeremy P.
Gitter, Anthony
Greene, Casey S.
author_sort Rando, Halie M.
collection PubMed
description In the 21st century, several emergent viruses have posed a global threat. Each pathogen has emphasized the value of rapid and scalable vaccine development programs. The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has made the importance of such efforts especially clear. New biotechnological advances in vaccinology allow for recent advances that provide only the nucleic acid building blocks of an antigen, eliminating many safety concerns. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these DNA and RNA vaccines have facilitated the development and deployment of vaccines at an unprecedented pace. This success was attributable at least in part to broader shifts in scientific research relative to prior epidemics: the genome of SARS-CoV-2 was available as early as January 2020, facilitating global efforts in the development of DNA and RNA vaccines within 2 weeks of the international community becoming aware of the new viral threat. Additionally, these technologies that were previously only theoretical are not only safe but also highly efficacious. Although historically a slow process, the rapid development of vaccines during the COVID-19 crisis reveals a major shift in vaccine technologies. Here, we provide historical context for the emergence of these paradigm-shifting vaccines. We describe several DNA and RNA vaccines in terms of their efficacy, safety, and approval status. We also discuss patterns in worldwide distribution. The advances made since early 2020 provide an exceptional illustration of how rapidly vaccine development technology has advanced in the last 2 decades in particular and suggest a new era in vaccines against emerging pathogens. IMPORTANCE The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused untold damage globally, presenting unusual demands on but also unique opportunities for vaccine development. The development, production, and distribution of vaccines are imperative to saving lives, preventing severe illness, and reducing the economic and social burdens caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although vaccine technologies that provide the DNA or RNA sequence of an antigen had never previously been approved for use in humans, they have played a major role in the management of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we discuss the history of these vaccines and how they have been applied to SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, given that the evolution of new SARS-CoV-2 variants continues to present a significant challenge in 2022, these vaccines remain an important and evolving tool in the biomedical response to the pandemic.
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spelling pubmed-101348412023-04-28 The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19 Rando, Halie M. Lordan, Ronan Kolla, Likhitha Sell, Elizabeth Lee, Alexandra J. Wellhausen, Nils Naik, Amruta Kamil, Jeremy P. Gitter, Anthony Greene, Casey S. mSystems Review In the 21st century, several emergent viruses have posed a global threat. Each pathogen has emphasized the value of rapid and scalable vaccine development programs. The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has made the importance of such efforts especially clear. New biotechnological advances in vaccinology allow for recent advances that provide only the nucleic acid building blocks of an antigen, eliminating many safety concerns. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these DNA and RNA vaccines have facilitated the development and deployment of vaccines at an unprecedented pace. This success was attributable at least in part to broader shifts in scientific research relative to prior epidemics: the genome of SARS-CoV-2 was available as early as January 2020, facilitating global efforts in the development of DNA and RNA vaccines within 2 weeks of the international community becoming aware of the new viral threat. Additionally, these technologies that were previously only theoretical are not only safe but also highly efficacious. Although historically a slow process, the rapid development of vaccines during the COVID-19 crisis reveals a major shift in vaccine technologies. Here, we provide historical context for the emergence of these paradigm-shifting vaccines. We describe several DNA and RNA vaccines in terms of their efficacy, safety, and approval status. We also discuss patterns in worldwide distribution. The advances made since early 2020 provide an exceptional illustration of how rapidly vaccine development technology has advanced in the last 2 decades in particular and suggest a new era in vaccines against emerging pathogens. IMPORTANCE The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused untold damage globally, presenting unusual demands on but also unique opportunities for vaccine development. The development, production, and distribution of vaccines are imperative to saving lives, preventing severe illness, and reducing the economic and social burdens caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although vaccine technologies that provide the DNA or RNA sequence of an antigen had never previously been approved for use in humans, they have played a major role in the management of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we discuss the history of these vaccines and how they have been applied to SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, given that the evolution of new SARS-CoV-2 variants continues to present a significant challenge in 2022, these vaccines remain an important and evolving tool in the biomedical response to the pandemic. American Society for Microbiology 2023-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10134841/ /pubmed/36861992 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00928-22 Text en Copyright © 2023 Rando et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review
Rando, Halie M.
Lordan, Ronan
Kolla, Likhitha
Sell, Elizabeth
Lee, Alexandra J.
Wellhausen, Nils
Naik, Amruta
Kamil, Jeremy P.
Gitter, Anthony
Greene, Casey S.
The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19
title The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19
title_full The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19
title_fullStr The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19
title_short The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19
title_sort coming of age of nucleic acid vaccines during covid-19
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10134841/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36861992
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00928-22
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