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Mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis to translocate over the oral mucosa and other tissue barriers

INTRODUCTION: The oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is not only associated with periodontitis but also with systemic diseases elsewhere in the body. The mechanisms by which P. gingivalis travels from the oral cavity to other organs in the body are largely unknown. This review describes the four...

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Autores principales: de Jongh, Caroline A., de Vries, Teun J., Bikker, Floris J., Gibbs, Susan, Krom, Bastiaan P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10134951/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37124549
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2023.2205291
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author de Jongh, Caroline A.
de Vries, Teun J.
Bikker, Floris J.
Gibbs, Susan
Krom, Bastiaan P.
author_facet de Jongh, Caroline A.
de Vries, Teun J.
Bikker, Floris J.
Gibbs, Susan
Krom, Bastiaan P.
author_sort de Jongh, Caroline A.
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: The oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is not only associated with periodontitis but also with systemic diseases elsewhere in the body. The mechanisms by which P. gingivalis travels from the oral cavity to other organs in the body are largely unknown. This review describes the four putative mechanisms supported by experimental evidence, which enable translocation of P. gingivalis over the oral mucosa, endothelial barriers and subsequent dissemination into the bloodstream. MECHANISMS: The first mechanism: proteolytic enzymes secreted by P. gingivalis degrade adhesion molecules between tissue cells, and the extracellular matrix. This weakens the structural integrity of the mucosa and allows P. gingivalis to penetrate the tissue. The second is transcytosis: bacteria actively enter tissue cells and transfer to the next layer or the extracellular space. By travelling from cell to cell, P. gingivalis reaches deeper structures. Thirdly, professional phagocytes take up P. gingivalis and travel to the bloodstream where P. gingivalis is released. Lastly, P. gingivalis can adhere to the hyphae forming Candida albicans. These hyphae can penetrate the mucosal tissue, which may allow P. gingivalis to reach deeper structures. CONCLUSION: More research could elucidate targets to inhibit P. gingivalis dissemination and prevent the onset of various systemic diseases.
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spelling pubmed-101349512023-04-28 Mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis to translocate over the oral mucosa and other tissue barriers de Jongh, Caroline A. de Vries, Teun J. Bikker, Floris J. Gibbs, Susan Krom, Bastiaan P. J Oral Microbiol Review Article INTRODUCTION: The oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is not only associated with periodontitis but also with systemic diseases elsewhere in the body. The mechanisms by which P. gingivalis travels from the oral cavity to other organs in the body are largely unknown. This review describes the four putative mechanisms supported by experimental evidence, which enable translocation of P. gingivalis over the oral mucosa, endothelial barriers and subsequent dissemination into the bloodstream. MECHANISMS: The first mechanism: proteolytic enzymes secreted by P. gingivalis degrade adhesion molecules between tissue cells, and the extracellular matrix. This weakens the structural integrity of the mucosa and allows P. gingivalis to penetrate the tissue. The second is transcytosis: bacteria actively enter tissue cells and transfer to the next layer or the extracellular space. By travelling from cell to cell, P. gingivalis reaches deeper structures. Thirdly, professional phagocytes take up P. gingivalis and travel to the bloodstream where P. gingivalis is released. Lastly, P. gingivalis can adhere to the hyphae forming Candida albicans. These hyphae can penetrate the mucosal tissue, which may allow P. gingivalis to reach deeper structures. CONCLUSION: More research could elucidate targets to inhibit P. gingivalis dissemination and prevent the onset of various systemic diseases. Taylor & Francis 2023-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10134951/ /pubmed/37124549 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2023.2205291 Text en © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.
spellingShingle Review Article
de Jongh, Caroline A.
de Vries, Teun J.
Bikker, Floris J.
Gibbs, Susan
Krom, Bastiaan P.
Mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis to translocate over the oral mucosa and other tissue barriers
title Mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis to translocate over the oral mucosa and other tissue barriers
title_full Mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis to translocate over the oral mucosa and other tissue barriers
title_fullStr Mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis to translocate over the oral mucosa and other tissue barriers
title_full_unstemmed Mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis to translocate over the oral mucosa and other tissue barriers
title_short Mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis to translocate over the oral mucosa and other tissue barriers
title_sort mechanisms of porphyromonas gingivalis to translocate over the oral mucosa and other tissue barriers
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10134951/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37124549
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2023.2205291
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