The History of Anthrax Weaponization in the Soviet Union

In this paper, we reveal the anthrax weaponization in the Soviet Union and its impact on biowarfare research, technology, and public health that resulted in the development of the first Soviet Anthrax vaccine and the subsequent vaccination of animals and humans en masse. We assume that there are cas...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Nikolakakis, Ioannis, Michaleas, Spyros N, Panayiotakopoulos, George, Papaioannou, Theodore G, Karamanou, Marianna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Public Health
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10134958/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37123719
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.36800
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author Nikolakakis, Ioannis
Michaleas, Spyros N
Panayiotakopoulos, George
Papaioannou, Theodore G
Karamanou, Marianna
author_facet Nikolakakis, Ioannis
Michaleas, Spyros N
Panayiotakopoulos, George
Papaioannou, Theodore G
Karamanou, Marianna
author_sort Nikolakakis, Ioannis
collection PubMed
description In this paper, we reveal the anthrax weaponization in the Soviet Union and its impact on biowarfare research, technology, and public health that resulted in the development of the first Soviet Anthrax vaccine and the subsequent vaccination of animals and humans en masse. We assume that there are cases that a biowarfare technology was incorporated into the civilian industry and benefited public health. However, the legacy of bioweapons today still poses an asymmetric threat to public health and safety.
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spelling pubmed-101349582023-04-28 The History of Anthrax Weaponization in the Soviet Union Nikolakakis, Ioannis Michaleas, Spyros N Panayiotakopoulos, George Papaioannou, Theodore G Karamanou, Marianna Cureus Public Health In this paper, we reveal the anthrax weaponization in the Soviet Union and its impact on biowarfare research, technology, and public health that resulted in the development of the first Soviet Anthrax vaccine and the subsequent vaccination of animals and humans en masse. We assume that there are cases that a biowarfare technology was incorporated into the civilian industry and benefited public health. However, the legacy of bioweapons today still poses an asymmetric threat to public health and safety. Cureus 2023-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10134958/ /pubmed/37123719 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.36800 Text en Copyright © 2023, Nikolakakis et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Public Health
Nikolakakis, Ioannis
Michaleas, Spyros N
Panayiotakopoulos, George
Papaioannou, Theodore G
Karamanou, Marianna
The History of Anthrax Weaponization in the Soviet Union
title The History of Anthrax Weaponization in the Soviet Union
title_full The History of Anthrax Weaponization in the Soviet Union
title_fullStr The History of Anthrax Weaponization in the Soviet Union
title_full_unstemmed The History of Anthrax Weaponization in the Soviet Union
title_short The History of Anthrax Weaponization in the Soviet Union
title_sort history of anthrax weaponization in the soviet union
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10134958/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37123719
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.36800
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