Molecular Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance Analysis of Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) in Guangzhou: A Representative City of Southern China

This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in Guangzhou, China. A total of 80 H. influenzae isolates were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2020 to April 2021. Species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility, molecular capsular typing, multilocus sequence typing and the clinical characteristics analysis of patients were performed. For all recruited isolates, the majority of H. influenzae strains from patients with respiratory symptoms were found to be non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi). The isolates were relative susceptible to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, quinolones and chloramphenicol, despite having a high ampicillin resistance rate (>70%). The genotyping results reveal a total of 36 sequence types (STs), with ST12 being the most prevalent ST. Remarkably, the 36 STs identified from 80 NTHi isolates within a short period of 15 months and in a single medical setting have revealed a high genetic diversity in NTHi isolates. In comparison, it is noteworthy that the most prevalent STs found in the present study have rarely been found to overlap with those from previous studies. This is the first study on the molecular epidemiology of NTHi isolates in Guangzhou, a city that is representative of southern China.