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The Nrf2 Pathway in Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies
There is increasing interest in the involvement of antioxidative systems in protecting from depression. Among these, Nrf2 occupies a central place. We aimed to review the role of Nrf2 in depression. For this reason, we conducted a PubMed search using as search strategy (psychiatr*[ti] OR schizo*[ti]...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10135298/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37107192 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040817 |
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author | Sani, Gabriele Margoni, Stella Brugnami, Andrea Ferrara, Ottavia Marianna Bernardi, Evelina Simonetti, Alessio Monti, Laura Mazza, Marianna Janiri, Delfina Moccia, Lorenzo Kotzalidis, Georgios D. Chieffo, Daniela Pia Rosaria Janiri, Luigi |
author_facet | Sani, Gabriele Margoni, Stella Brugnami, Andrea Ferrara, Ottavia Marianna Bernardi, Evelina Simonetti, Alessio Monti, Laura Mazza, Marianna Janiri, Delfina Moccia, Lorenzo Kotzalidis, Georgios D. Chieffo, Daniela Pia Rosaria Janiri, Luigi |
author_sort | Sani, Gabriele |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is increasing interest in the involvement of antioxidative systems in protecting from depression. Among these, Nrf2 occupies a central place. We aimed to review the role of Nrf2 in depression. For this reason, we conducted a PubMed search using as search strategy (psychiatr*[ti] OR schizo*[ti] OR psychot*[ti] OR psychos*[ti] OR depress*[ti] OR MDD[ti] OR BD[ti] OR bipolar[ti] OR Anxiety[ti] OR antidepress*[ti] OR panic[ti] OR obsess*[ti] OR compulsio*[ti] OR “mood disord*”[ti] OR phobi*[ti] OR agoraphob*[ti] OR anorex*[ti] OR anorect*[ti] OR bulimi*[ti] OR “eating disorder*”[ti] OR neurodevelopm*[ti] OR retardation[ti] OR autism[ti] OR autistic[ti] OR ASM[ti] OR adhd[ti] OR “attention-deficit”[ti]) AND nrf2, which on the 9th of March produced 208 results of which 89 were eligible for our purposes. Eligible articles were studies reporting data of Nrf2 manipulations or content by any treatment in human patients or animals with any animal model of depression. Most studies were on mice only (N = 58), 20 on rats only, and three on both rats and mice. There were two studies on cell lines (in vitro) and one each on nematodes and fish. Only four studies were conducted in humans, one of which was post mortem. Most studies were conducted on male animals; however, human studies were carried out on both men and women. The results indicate that Nrf2 is lower in depression and that antidepressant methods (drugs or other methods) increase it. Antioxidant systems and plasticity-promoting molecules, such as those in the Nrf2–HO-1, BDNF–TrkB, and cyclic AMP–CREB pathways, could protect from depression, while glycogen synthase kinase-3β and nuclear factor κB oppose these actions, thus increasing depressive-like behaviours. Since Nrf2 is also endowed with tumorigenic and atherogenic potential, the balance between benefits and harms must be taken into account in designing novel drugs aiming at increasing the intracellular content of Nrf2. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10135298 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101352982023-04-28 The Nrf2 Pathway in Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies Sani, Gabriele Margoni, Stella Brugnami, Andrea Ferrara, Ottavia Marianna Bernardi, Evelina Simonetti, Alessio Monti, Laura Mazza, Marianna Janiri, Delfina Moccia, Lorenzo Kotzalidis, Georgios D. Chieffo, Daniela Pia Rosaria Janiri, Luigi Antioxidants (Basel) Systematic Review There is increasing interest in the involvement of antioxidative systems in protecting from depression. Among these, Nrf2 occupies a central place. We aimed to review the role of Nrf2 in depression. For this reason, we conducted a PubMed search using as search strategy (psychiatr*[ti] OR schizo*[ti] OR psychot*[ti] OR psychos*[ti] OR depress*[ti] OR MDD[ti] OR BD[ti] OR bipolar[ti] OR Anxiety[ti] OR antidepress*[ti] OR panic[ti] OR obsess*[ti] OR compulsio*[ti] OR “mood disord*”[ti] OR phobi*[ti] OR agoraphob*[ti] OR anorex*[ti] OR anorect*[ti] OR bulimi*[ti] OR “eating disorder*”[ti] OR neurodevelopm*[ti] OR retardation[ti] OR autism[ti] OR autistic[ti] OR ASM[ti] OR adhd[ti] OR “attention-deficit”[ti]) AND nrf2, which on the 9th of March produced 208 results of which 89 were eligible for our purposes. Eligible articles were studies reporting data of Nrf2 manipulations or content by any treatment in human patients or animals with any animal model of depression. Most studies were on mice only (N = 58), 20 on rats only, and three on both rats and mice. There were two studies on cell lines (in vitro) and one each on nematodes and fish. Only four studies were conducted in humans, one of which was post mortem. Most studies were conducted on male animals; however, human studies were carried out on both men and women. The results indicate that Nrf2 is lower in depression and that antidepressant methods (drugs or other methods) increase it. Antioxidant systems and plasticity-promoting molecules, such as those in the Nrf2–HO-1, BDNF–TrkB, and cyclic AMP–CREB pathways, could protect from depression, while glycogen synthase kinase-3β and nuclear factor κB oppose these actions, thus increasing depressive-like behaviours. Since Nrf2 is also endowed with tumorigenic and atherogenic potential, the balance between benefits and harms must be taken into account in designing novel drugs aiming at increasing the intracellular content of Nrf2. MDPI 2023-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10135298/ /pubmed/37107192 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040817 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Systematic Review Sani, Gabriele Margoni, Stella Brugnami, Andrea Ferrara, Ottavia Marianna Bernardi, Evelina Simonetti, Alessio Monti, Laura Mazza, Marianna Janiri, Delfina Moccia, Lorenzo Kotzalidis, Georgios D. Chieffo, Daniela Pia Rosaria Janiri, Luigi The Nrf2 Pathway in Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies |
title | The Nrf2 Pathway in Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies |
title_full | The Nrf2 Pathway in Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies |
title_fullStr | The Nrf2 Pathway in Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies |
title_full_unstemmed | The Nrf2 Pathway in Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies |
title_short | The Nrf2 Pathway in Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies |
title_sort | nrf2 pathway in depressive disorders: a systematic review of animal and human studies |
topic | Systematic Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10135298/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37107192 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040817 |
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