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Mechanisms and Effect of Increased Physical Activity on General and Abdominal Obesity and Associated Metabolic Risk Factors in a Community with Very High Rates of General and Abdominal Obesity

Background: The growing prevalence of obesity and related type 2 diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions in the UAE. Physical inactivity is one of the possible factors linking obesity to diabetes and other related complications. However, the molecular mechanisms through which physical inactivity i...

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Autores principales: Gariballa, Salah, Al-Bluwi, Ghada S. M., Yasin, Javed
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10135384/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37107201
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040826
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author Gariballa, Salah
Al-Bluwi, Ghada S. M.
Yasin, Javed
author_facet Gariballa, Salah
Al-Bluwi, Ghada S. M.
Yasin, Javed
author_sort Gariballa, Salah
collection PubMed
description Background: The growing prevalence of obesity and related type 2 diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions in the UAE. Physical inactivity is one of the possible factors linking obesity to diabetes and other related complications. However, the molecular mechanisms through which physical inactivity is contributing to increased obesity-related pathologies are not clear. Aims: to measure the effects of increased physical activity on obesity and related metabolic risk factors. Materials and Methods: We investigated the effects of physical activity on body weight, waist circumference (WC) and metabolic risk factors in 965 community free-living Emirati subjects. Physical activity, dietary intake, antioxidant enzymes and markers of oxidative damage and inflammation were measured both at baseline and follow up. A validated questionnaire was used to assess occupation and leisure-related physical activity. We compared metabolic risk factors between subjects stratified by physical activity levels. The Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to determine the independent effects of increased physical activity on presence and absence of obesity, body weight and waist circumference (WC) change at follow up. Results: A total of 965 community free-living subjects [801 (83%) females, mean (SD) age 39 ± 12 years] were recruited and followed up with for a period of 427 ± 223 days. Using WHO cut-of-points for body mass index (BMI), 284 (30%) subjects were overweight and 584 (62%) subjects were obese, compared to 69 (8%) at normal body weight. We found men to be more physically active than women at both leisure and work times. BMI, hip circumference, total body fat, HDL and inflammatory markers (us CRP, TNF) were significantly higher in female subjects, whilst fat free-mass, WC, blood pressure and HbA1c were higher in male subjects (p < 0.05). Hypertension and diabetes were more common in male subjects compared to female subjects (p < 0.05). Increased physical activity both at baseline and follow up were associated with decreased BMI, WC and inflammatory markers, including us-CRP and TNF. Increased physical activity was associated with significant decrease in abdominal obesity in female subjects and general obesity in both male and females after adjusting for important prognostic indicators [hazard ratio (95% CI): 0.531 (0.399, 0.707); p < 0.001; 0.475 (0.341, 0.662); p < 0.001 respectively]. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that increased physical activity may decrease the risk of obesity and also mitigate the associated oxidative damage and inflammatory responses.
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spelling pubmed-101353842023-04-28 Mechanisms and Effect of Increased Physical Activity on General and Abdominal Obesity and Associated Metabolic Risk Factors in a Community with Very High Rates of General and Abdominal Obesity Gariballa, Salah Al-Bluwi, Ghada S. M. Yasin, Javed Antioxidants (Basel) Article Background: The growing prevalence of obesity and related type 2 diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions in the UAE. Physical inactivity is one of the possible factors linking obesity to diabetes and other related complications. However, the molecular mechanisms through which physical inactivity is contributing to increased obesity-related pathologies are not clear. Aims: to measure the effects of increased physical activity on obesity and related metabolic risk factors. Materials and Methods: We investigated the effects of physical activity on body weight, waist circumference (WC) and metabolic risk factors in 965 community free-living Emirati subjects. Physical activity, dietary intake, antioxidant enzymes and markers of oxidative damage and inflammation were measured both at baseline and follow up. A validated questionnaire was used to assess occupation and leisure-related physical activity. We compared metabolic risk factors between subjects stratified by physical activity levels. The Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to determine the independent effects of increased physical activity on presence and absence of obesity, body weight and waist circumference (WC) change at follow up. Results: A total of 965 community free-living subjects [801 (83%) females, mean (SD) age 39 ± 12 years] were recruited and followed up with for a period of 427 ± 223 days. Using WHO cut-of-points for body mass index (BMI), 284 (30%) subjects were overweight and 584 (62%) subjects were obese, compared to 69 (8%) at normal body weight. We found men to be more physically active than women at both leisure and work times. BMI, hip circumference, total body fat, HDL and inflammatory markers (us CRP, TNF) were significantly higher in female subjects, whilst fat free-mass, WC, blood pressure and HbA1c were higher in male subjects (p < 0.05). Hypertension and diabetes were more common in male subjects compared to female subjects (p < 0.05). Increased physical activity both at baseline and follow up were associated with decreased BMI, WC and inflammatory markers, including us-CRP and TNF. Increased physical activity was associated with significant decrease in abdominal obesity in female subjects and general obesity in both male and females after adjusting for important prognostic indicators [hazard ratio (95% CI): 0.531 (0.399, 0.707); p < 0.001; 0.475 (0.341, 0.662); p < 0.001 respectively]. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that increased physical activity may decrease the risk of obesity and also mitigate the associated oxidative damage and inflammatory responses. MDPI 2023-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10135384/ /pubmed/37107201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040826 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gariballa, Salah
Al-Bluwi, Ghada S. M.
Yasin, Javed
Mechanisms and Effect of Increased Physical Activity on General and Abdominal Obesity and Associated Metabolic Risk Factors in a Community with Very High Rates of General and Abdominal Obesity
title Mechanisms and Effect of Increased Physical Activity on General and Abdominal Obesity and Associated Metabolic Risk Factors in a Community with Very High Rates of General and Abdominal Obesity
title_full Mechanisms and Effect of Increased Physical Activity on General and Abdominal Obesity and Associated Metabolic Risk Factors in a Community with Very High Rates of General and Abdominal Obesity
title_fullStr Mechanisms and Effect of Increased Physical Activity on General and Abdominal Obesity and Associated Metabolic Risk Factors in a Community with Very High Rates of General and Abdominal Obesity
title_full_unstemmed Mechanisms and Effect of Increased Physical Activity on General and Abdominal Obesity and Associated Metabolic Risk Factors in a Community with Very High Rates of General and Abdominal Obesity
title_short Mechanisms and Effect of Increased Physical Activity on General and Abdominal Obesity and Associated Metabolic Risk Factors in a Community with Very High Rates of General and Abdominal Obesity
title_sort mechanisms and effect of increased physical activity on general and abdominal obesity and associated metabolic risk factors in a community with very high rates of general and abdominal obesity
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10135384/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37107201
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040826
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