Delay and Acceleration Threshold of Movement Perception in Patients Suffering from Vertigo or Dizziness

Background: The objective was to evaluate the delay and the acceleration threshold (AT) of movement perception in a population of patients suffering from dizziness and analyze the factors influencing these parameters. Methods: This prospective study included 256 adult subjects: 16 control and 240 patients (5 acute unilateral vestibular loss, 13 compensated unilateral loss, 32 Meniere diseases, 48 persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD), 95 benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), 10 central cases, 19 bilateral vestibulopathy, 14 vestibular migraine, and 4 age-related dizziness). Patients were evaluated for the sound–movement synchronicity perception (maximum delay between the bed oscillation peak and a beep perceived as synchronous, PST) and AT during a pendular movement on a swinging bed. Results: We observed higher PST in women and in senior patients regardless of etiology. AT was higher in senior patients. AT was not influenced by etiology except in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy who had higher thresholds. AT was related to unipodal stance performance, past history of fall, and stop-walking-when-talking test. Conclusions: Delay and acceleration thresholds appear to be coherent with clinical findings and open insights on the exploration of symptoms that cannot be explained by routine otoneurological tests.