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Role of Oxidative Stress on the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Its Relation with the Enteric Nervous System

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons in the spinal cord, cerebral cortex, and medulla oblongata. Most patients present a clinical phenotype of classic ALS—with predominant atrophy, muscle weakness, and fasciculations—and survival of 3...

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Autores principales: López-Pingarrón, Laura, Almeida, Henrique, Soria-Aznar, Marisol, Reyes-Gonzales, Marcos C., Terrón, María Pilar, García, Joaquín J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10136958/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37185741
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb45040217
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author López-Pingarrón, Laura
Almeida, Henrique
Soria-Aznar, Marisol
Reyes-Gonzales, Marcos C.
Terrón, María Pilar
García, Joaquín J.
author_facet López-Pingarrón, Laura
Almeida, Henrique
Soria-Aznar, Marisol
Reyes-Gonzales, Marcos C.
Terrón, María Pilar
García, Joaquín J.
author_sort López-Pingarrón, Laura
collection PubMed
description Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons in the spinal cord, cerebral cortex, and medulla oblongata. Most patients present a clinical phenotype of classic ALS—with predominant atrophy, muscle weakness, and fasciculations—and survival of 3 to 5 years following diagnosis. In the present review, we performed a literature search to provide an update on the etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in ALS. There are two types of ALS: the familial form with genetic involvement, and the sporadic form with a multifactorial origin. ALS pathophysiology is characterized by involvement of multiple processes, including oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. Moreover, it is proposed that conditioning risk factors affect ALS development, such as susceptibility to neurodegeneration in motor neurons, the intensity of performed physical activity, and intestinal dysbiosis with involvement of the enteric nervous system, which supports the existing theories of disease generation. To improve patients’ prognosis and survival, it is necessary to further deepen our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of ALS.
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spelling pubmed-101369582023-04-28 Role of Oxidative Stress on the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Its Relation with the Enteric Nervous System López-Pingarrón, Laura Almeida, Henrique Soria-Aznar, Marisol Reyes-Gonzales, Marcos C. Terrón, María Pilar García, Joaquín J. Curr Issues Mol Biol Review Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons in the spinal cord, cerebral cortex, and medulla oblongata. Most patients present a clinical phenotype of classic ALS—with predominant atrophy, muscle weakness, and fasciculations—and survival of 3 to 5 years following diagnosis. In the present review, we performed a literature search to provide an update on the etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in ALS. There are two types of ALS: the familial form with genetic involvement, and the sporadic form with a multifactorial origin. ALS pathophysiology is characterized by involvement of multiple processes, including oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. Moreover, it is proposed that conditioning risk factors affect ALS development, such as susceptibility to neurodegeneration in motor neurons, the intensity of performed physical activity, and intestinal dysbiosis with involvement of the enteric nervous system, which supports the existing theories of disease generation. To improve patients’ prognosis and survival, it is necessary to further deepen our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of ALS. MDPI 2023-04-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10136958/ /pubmed/37185741 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb45040217 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
López-Pingarrón, Laura
Almeida, Henrique
Soria-Aznar, Marisol
Reyes-Gonzales, Marcos C.
Terrón, María Pilar
García, Joaquín J.
Role of Oxidative Stress on the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Its Relation with the Enteric Nervous System
title Role of Oxidative Stress on the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Its Relation with the Enteric Nervous System
title_full Role of Oxidative Stress on the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Its Relation with the Enteric Nervous System
title_fullStr Role of Oxidative Stress on the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Its Relation with the Enteric Nervous System
title_full_unstemmed Role of Oxidative Stress on the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Its Relation with the Enteric Nervous System
title_short Role of Oxidative Stress on the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Its Relation with the Enteric Nervous System
title_sort role of oxidative stress on the etiology and pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) and its relation with the enteric nervous system
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10136958/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37185741
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb45040217
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