Pterostilbene and Probiotic Complex in Chemoprevention of Putative Precursor Lesions for Colorectal Cancer in an Experimental Model of Intestinal Carcinogenesis with 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The composition of the intestinal microbiota, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress are factors related to the onset of colorectal cancer (CRC). Diet is the environmental factor most related to the development of non-hereditary CRC. Pterostilbene has great potential as an antitumor drug for CRC chemoprevention. Several strains of probiotics in multiple combinations, concentrations, and dosages have been studied for cancer prevention. The available evidence is insufficient to justify the chronic and simultaneous administration of pterostilbene and probiotics with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium to a population at high risk of CRC. In vivo studies may contribute to the incorporation of dietary supplementation with the ability to reduce the incidence of CRC. The combination of substances should be stimulated with a view to potentiating the expected effect through action on different targets. ABSTRACT: Dietary supplementation with pterostilbene (PS) and/or a probiotic (PRO) may ameliorate the intestinal microbiota in disease conditions. This study aims to evaluate PS and PRO for the chemoprevention of putative precursor lesions for colorectal cancer (CRC) in an experimental model of intestinal carcinogenesis with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (1,2-DMH). Sixty male Wistar rats were equally divided into five groups: Sham, 1,2-DMH, 1,2-DMH + PS, 1,2-DMH + PRO, and 1,2-DMH + PS + PRO. PRO (5 × 10(7)/mL) was offered in water, and PS (300 ppm) was provided in the diet ad libitum. 1,2-DMH (20 mg/kg/week) was administered for 15 consecutive weeks. In the 25th week, proctocolectomy was conducted. PRO alone and PRO combined with PS were the best intervention strategies to improve experimental 1,2-DMH-induced CRC regarding several parameters of carcinogenesis. Our findings may contribute to the development of novel preventive strategies for CRC and may help to identify novel modulators of colon carcinogenesis.