Recent Advances with Precision Medicine Treatment for Breast Cancer including Triple-Negative Sub-Type

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The progress of next-generation sequencing technologies has raised huge expectations for precision-medicine therapy approaches in breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. Targeted therapy strategies such as ICIs, EGFRi, PARPi, ADCs, CD44i, OVs, and GLUT1i are innovative therapy options for BC and TNBC. Targeting signaling pathways may also represent a prospective approach for breast cancer therapy. Combination therapy strategies can potentially enhance the precision-medicine treatment of metastatic breast cancer and TNBC patients. ABSTRACT: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with different molecular subtypes. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in woman due to rapid metastasis and disease recurrence. Precision medicine remains an essential source to lower the off-target toxicities of chemotherapeutic agents and maximize the patient benefits. This is a crucial approach for a more effective treatment and prevention of disease. Precision-medicine methods are based on the selection of suitable biomarkers to envision the effectiveness of targeted therapy in a specific group of patients. Several druggable mutations have been identified in breast cancer patients. Current improvements in omics technologies have focused on more precise strategies for precision therapy. The development of next-generation sequencing technologies has raised hopes for precision-medicine treatment strategies in breast cancer (BC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Targeted therapies utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRi), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi), antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), oncolytic viruses (OVs), glucose transporter-1 inhibitor (GLUT1i), and targeting signaling pathways are potential treatment approaches for BC and TNBC. This review emphasizes the recent progress made with the precision-medicine therapy of metastatic breast cancer and TNBC.