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Fluorescence Spectroscopy Shows Porphyrins Produced by Cultured Oral Bacteria Differ Depending on Composition of Growth Media
Red fluorophores synthesized by oral bacteria are important for fluorescence-based diagnosis and treatment because they are used as markers for bacterially infected tissue, mature plaque, or calculus. A range of porphyrins have been identified as the source of this fluorescence in carious tissue. It...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
S. Karger AG
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10137314/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36529123 http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000528731 |
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author | Lennon, Áine M. Brune, Leonora Techert, Simone Buchalla, Wolfgang |
author_facet | Lennon, Áine M. Brune, Leonora Techert, Simone Buchalla, Wolfgang |
author_sort | Lennon, Áine M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Red fluorophores synthesized by oral bacteria are important for fluorescence-based diagnosis and treatment because they are used as markers for bacterially infected tissue, mature plaque, or calculus. A range of porphyrins have been identified as the source of this fluorescence in carious tissue. It is not clear which of these porphyrins are produced by individual oral bacteria or whether this ability depends on other factors. This study examined and compared the fluorescence spectra produced by selected cultured oral bacteria when grown on agars containing different nutrients with spectra for protoporphyrin IX, Zn-protoporphyrin IX, haematoporphyrin, and haematin. Actinomyces israelii (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen [DSM], 43320), Actinomyces naeslundii (DSM 43013), Fusobacterium nucleatum (DSM, 20482), Lactobacillus casei (DSM, 20011), Prevotella intermedia (DSM, 20706), Streptococcus mutans (DSM, 20523), Streptococcus oralis (DSM, 20627), Streptococcus salivarius (DSM, 20560) and Streptococcus sobrinus (DSM, 20742) were rehydrated and grown anaerobically on caso, caso blood (containing 5% sheep blood), and caso chlorophyll (containing 5% spinach extract) agar for 3 days at 37°C in the dark. Colonies were harvested, transferred to ethanol, and centrifuged. Fluorescence emission spectra were recorded from the supernatant at 405 nm excitation (Fluorolog 3–22, Jobin Yvon-Spex ISA, Edison, NJ, USA). All Streptococci, L. casei, and F. nucleatum produced red fluorescence when grown on caso and caso chlorophyll agar but not on caso blood agar. A. naeslundii and P. intermedia emitted intense red fluorescence when grown on caso or caso blood agar but not on caso chlorophyll agar. Fluorescence emission spectra of A. naeslundii and P. intermedia grown on caso blood agar correlated exactly with both fluorescence peaks for protoporphyrin-IX at 632 and 701 nm. Most peaks observed could be correlated with at least one of the emission peaks of protoporphyrin IX, Zn-protoporphyrin IX, or haematoporphyrin. Oral bacteria emitted red fluorescence matching known porphyrins, but this depended on nutrients available in the agar. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10137314 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | S. Karger AG |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101373142023-04-28 Fluorescence Spectroscopy Shows Porphyrins Produced by Cultured Oral Bacteria Differ Depending on Composition of Growth Media Lennon, Áine M. Brune, Leonora Techert, Simone Buchalla, Wolfgang Caries Res Research Article Red fluorophores synthesized by oral bacteria are important for fluorescence-based diagnosis and treatment because they are used as markers for bacterially infected tissue, mature plaque, or calculus. A range of porphyrins have been identified as the source of this fluorescence in carious tissue. It is not clear which of these porphyrins are produced by individual oral bacteria or whether this ability depends on other factors. This study examined and compared the fluorescence spectra produced by selected cultured oral bacteria when grown on agars containing different nutrients with spectra for protoporphyrin IX, Zn-protoporphyrin IX, haematoporphyrin, and haematin. Actinomyces israelii (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen [DSM], 43320), Actinomyces naeslundii (DSM 43013), Fusobacterium nucleatum (DSM, 20482), Lactobacillus casei (DSM, 20011), Prevotella intermedia (DSM, 20706), Streptococcus mutans (DSM, 20523), Streptococcus oralis (DSM, 20627), Streptococcus salivarius (DSM, 20560) and Streptococcus sobrinus (DSM, 20742) were rehydrated and grown anaerobically on caso, caso blood (containing 5% sheep blood), and caso chlorophyll (containing 5% spinach extract) agar for 3 days at 37°C in the dark. Colonies were harvested, transferred to ethanol, and centrifuged. Fluorescence emission spectra were recorded from the supernatant at 405 nm excitation (Fluorolog 3–22, Jobin Yvon-Spex ISA, Edison, NJ, USA). All Streptococci, L. casei, and F. nucleatum produced red fluorescence when grown on caso and caso chlorophyll agar but not on caso blood agar. A. naeslundii and P. intermedia emitted intense red fluorescence when grown on caso or caso blood agar but not on caso chlorophyll agar. Fluorescence emission spectra of A. naeslundii and P. intermedia grown on caso blood agar correlated exactly with both fluorescence peaks for protoporphyrin-IX at 632 and 701 nm. Most peaks observed could be correlated with at least one of the emission peaks of protoporphyrin IX, Zn-protoporphyrin IX, or haematoporphyrin. Oral bacteria emitted red fluorescence matching known porphyrins, but this depended on nutrients available in the agar. S. Karger AG 2023-04 2022-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10137314/ /pubmed/36529123 http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000528731 Text en Copyright © 2022 by The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY). Usage, derivative works and distribution are permitted provided that proper credit is given to the author and the original publisher. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Lennon, Áine M. Brune, Leonora Techert, Simone Buchalla, Wolfgang Fluorescence Spectroscopy Shows Porphyrins Produced by Cultured Oral Bacteria Differ Depending on Composition of Growth Media |
title | Fluorescence Spectroscopy Shows Porphyrins Produced by Cultured Oral Bacteria Differ Depending on Composition of Growth Media |
title_full | Fluorescence Spectroscopy Shows Porphyrins Produced by Cultured Oral Bacteria Differ Depending on Composition of Growth Media |
title_fullStr | Fluorescence Spectroscopy Shows Porphyrins Produced by Cultured Oral Bacteria Differ Depending on Composition of Growth Media |
title_full_unstemmed | Fluorescence Spectroscopy Shows Porphyrins Produced by Cultured Oral Bacteria Differ Depending on Composition of Growth Media |
title_short | Fluorescence Spectroscopy Shows Porphyrins Produced by Cultured Oral Bacteria Differ Depending on Composition of Growth Media |
title_sort | fluorescence spectroscopy shows porphyrins produced by cultured oral bacteria differ depending on composition of growth media |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10137314/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36529123 http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000528731 |
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