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Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Health of Patients Who Underwent Liver Transplantation Due to Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: The primary aim of this study was to compare liver transplant (LT) recipients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in terms of COVID-19-related depression, anxiety, and stress. Method: A total of 504 LT recipients with (HCC group; n = 252) and without HCC (non-HCC group; n = 2...

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Autores principales: Akbulut, Sami, Kucukakcali, Zeynep, Saritas, Hasan, Bozkir, Cigdem, Tamer, Murat, Akyuz, Musap, Bagci, Nazlican, Unsal, Selver, Akbulut, Mehmet Serdar, Sahin, Tevfik Tolga, Colak, Cemil, Yilmaz, Sezai
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10137599/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37189511
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13081410
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author Akbulut, Sami
Kucukakcali, Zeynep
Saritas, Hasan
Bozkir, Cigdem
Tamer, Murat
Akyuz, Musap
Bagci, Nazlican
Unsal, Selver
Akbulut, Mehmet Serdar
Sahin, Tevfik Tolga
Colak, Cemil
Yilmaz, Sezai
author_facet Akbulut, Sami
Kucukakcali, Zeynep
Saritas, Hasan
Bozkir, Cigdem
Tamer, Murat
Akyuz, Musap
Bagci, Nazlican
Unsal, Selver
Akbulut, Mehmet Serdar
Sahin, Tevfik Tolga
Colak, Cemil
Yilmaz, Sezai
author_sort Akbulut, Sami
collection PubMed
description Background: The primary aim of this study was to compare liver transplant (LT) recipients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in terms of COVID-19-related depression, anxiety, and stress. Method: A total of 504 LT recipients with (HCC group; n = 252) and without HCC (non-HCC group; n = 252) were included in the present case–control study. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) were used to evaluate the depression, stress, and anxiety levels of LT patients. DASS-21 total and CAS-SF scores were determined as the primary outcomes of the study. Poisson regression and negative binomial regression models were used to predict the DASS and CAS scores. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was used as a coefficient. Both groups were also compared in terms of awareness of the COVID-19 vaccine. Results: Poisson regression and negative binomial regression analyses for DASS-21 total and CAS-SF scales showed that the negative binomial regression method was the appropriate model for both scales. According to this model, it was determined that the following independent variables increased the DASS-21 total score: non-HCC (IRR: 1.26; p = 0.031), female gender (IRR: 1.29; p = 0.036), presence of chronic disease (IRR: 1.65; p < 0.001), exposure to COVID-19 (IRR: 1.63; p < 0.001), and nonvaccination (IRR: 1.50; p = 0.002). On the other hand, it was determined that the following independent variables increased the CAS score: female gender (IRR:1.75; p = 0.014) and exposure to COVID-19 (IRR: 1.51; p = 0.048). Significant differences were found between the HCC and non-HCC groups in terms of median DASS-21 total (p < 0.001) and CAS-SF (p = 0.002) scores. Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficients of DASS-21 total and CAS-SF scales were calculated to be 0.823 and 0.783, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the variables including patients without HCC, female gender, having a chronic disease, being exposed to COVID-19, and not being vaccinated against COVID-19 increased anxiety, depression, and stress. High internal consistency coefficients obtained from both scales indicate that these results are reliable.
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spelling pubmed-101375992023-04-28 Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Health of Patients Who Underwent Liver Transplantation Due to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Akbulut, Sami Kucukakcali, Zeynep Saritas, Hasan Bozkir, Cigdem Tamer, Murat Akyuz, Musap Bagci, Nazlican Unsal, Selver Akbulut, Mehmet Serdar Sahin, Tevfik Tolga Colak, Cemil Yilmaz, Sezai Diagnostics (Basel) Article Background: The primary aim of this study was to compare liver transplant (LT) recipients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in terms of COVID-19-related depression, anxiety, and stress. Method: A total of 504 LT recipients with (HCC group; n = 252) and without HCC (non-HCC group; n = 252) were included in the present case–control study. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) were used to evaluate the depression, stress, and anxiety levels of LT patients. DASS-21 total and CAS-SF scores were determined as the primary outcomes of the study. Poisson regression and negative binomial regression models were used to predict the DASS and CAS scores. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was used as a coefficient. Both groups were also compared in terms of awareness of the COVID-19 vaccine. Results: Poisson regression and negative binomial regression analyses for DASS-21 total and CAS-SF scales showed that the negative binomial regression method was the appropriate model for both scales. According to this model, it was determined that the following independent variables increased the DASS-21 total score: non-HCC (IRR: 1.26; p = 0.031), female gender (IRR: 1.29; p = 0.036), presence of chronic disease (IRR: 1.65; p < 0.001), exposure to COVID-19 (IRR: 1.63; p < 0.001), and nonvaccination (IRR: 1.50; p = 0.002). On the other hand, it was determined that the following independent variables increased the CAS score: female gender (IRR:1.75; p = 0.014) and exposure to COVID-19 (IRR: 1.51; p = 0.048). Significant differences were found between the HCC and non-HCC groups in terms of median DASS-21 total (p < 0.001) and CAS-SF (p = 0.002) scores. Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficients of DASS-21 total and CAS-SF scales were calculated to be 0.823 and 0.783, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the variables including patients without HCC, female gender, having a chronic disease, being exposed to COVID-19, and not being vaccinated against COVID-19 increased anxiety, depression, and stress. High internal consistency coefficients obtained from both scales indicate that these results are reliable. MDPI 2023-04-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10137599/ /pubmed/37189511 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13081410 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Akbulut, Sami
Kucukakcali, Zeynep
Saritas, Hasan
Bozkir, Cigdem
Tamer, Murat
Akyuz, Musap
Bagci, Nazlican
Unsal, Selver
Akbulut, Mehmet Serdar
Sahin, Tevfik Tolga
Colak, Cemil
Yilmaz, Sezai
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Health of Patients Who Underwent Liver Transplantation Due to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Health of Patients Who Underwent Liver Transplantation Due to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_full Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Health of Patients Who Underwent Liver Transplantation Due to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_fullStr Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Health of Patients Who Underwent Liver Transplantation Due to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Health of Patients Who Underwent Liver Transplantation Due to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_short Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Health of Patients Who Underwent Liver Transplantation Due to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
title_sort effect of the covid-19 pandemic on the psychological health of patients who underwent liver transplantation due to hepatocellular carcinoma
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10137599/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37189511
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13081410
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