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Can Electronegative LDL Act as a Multienzymatic Complex?

Electronegative LDL (LDL(−)) is a minor form of LDL present in blood for which proportions are increased in pathologies with increased cardiovascular risk. In vitro studies have shown that LDL(−) presents pro-atherogenic properties, including a high susceptibility to aggregation, the ability to indu...

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Autores principales: Benitez, Sonia, Puig, Núria, Rives, José, Solé, Arnau, Sánchez-Quesada, José Luis
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10138509/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37108253
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087074
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author Benitez, Sonia
Puig, Núria
Rives, José
Solé, Arnau
Sánchez-Quesada, José Luis
author_facet Benitez, Sonia
Puig, Núria
Rives, José
Solé, Arnau
Sánchez-Quesada, José Luis
author_sort Benitez, Sonia
collection PubMed
description Electronegative LDL (LDL(−)) is a minor form of LDL present in blood for which proportions are increased in pathologies with increased cardiovascular risk. In vitro studies have shown that LDL(−) presents pro-atherogenic properties, including a high susceptibility to aggregation, the ability to induce inflammation and apoptosis, and increased binding to arterial proteoglycans; however, it also shows some anti-atherogenic properties, which suggest a role in controlling the atherosclerotic process. One of the distinctive features of LDL(−) is that it has enzymatic activities with the ability to degrade different lipids. For example, LDL(−) transports platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), which degrades oxidized phospholipids. In addition, two other enzymatic activities are exhibited by LDL(−). The first is type C phospholipase activity, which degrades both lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPLC-like activity) and sphingomyelin (SMase-like activity). The second is ceramidase activity (CDase-like). Based on the complementarity of the products and substrates of these different activities, this review speculates on the possibility that LDL(−) may act as a sort of multienzymatic complex in which these enzymatic activities exert a concerted action. We hypothesize that LysoPLC/SMase and CDase activities could be generated by conformational changes in apoB-100 and that both activities occur in proximity to PAF-AH, making it feasible to discern a coordinated action among them.
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spelling pubmed-101385092023-04-28 Can Electronegative LDL Act as a Multienzymatic Complex? Benitez, Sonia Puig, Núria Rives, José Solé, Arnau Sánchez-Quesada, José Luis Int J Mol Sci Review Electronegative LDL (LDL(−)) is a minor form of LDL present in blood for which proportions are increased in pathologies with increased cardiovascular risk. In vitro studies have shown that LDL(−) presents pro-atherogenic properties, including a high susceptibility to aggregation, the ability to induce inflammation and apoptosis, and increased binding to arterial proteoglycans; however, it also shows some anti-atherogenic properties, which suggest a role in controlling the atherosclerotic process. One of the distinctive features of LDL(−) is that it has enzymatic activities with the ability to degrade different lipids. For example, LDL(−) transports platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), which degrades oxidized phospholipids. In addition, two other enzymatic activities are exhibited by LDL(−). The first is type C phospholipase activity, which degrades both lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPLC-like activity) and sphingomyelin (SMase-like activity). The second is ceramidase activity (CDase-like). Based on the complementarity of the products and substrates of these different activities, this review speculates on the possibility that LDL(−) may act as a sort of multienzymatic complex in which these enzymatic activities exert a concerted action. We hypothesize that LysoPLC/SMase and CDase activities could be generated by conformational changes in apoB-100 and that both activities occur in proximity to PAF-AH, making it feasible to discern a coordinated action among them. MDPI 2023-04-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10138509/ /pubmed/37108253 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087074 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Benitez, Sonia
Puig, Núria
Rives, José
Solé, Arnau
Sánchez-Quesada, José Luis
Can Electronegative LDL Act as a Multienzymatic Complex?
title Can Electronegative LDL Act as a Multienzymatic Complex?
title_full Can Electronegative LDL Act as a Multienzymatic Complex?
title_fullStr Can Electronegative LDL Act as a Multienzymatic Complex?
title_full_unstemmed Can Electronegative LDL Act as a Multienzymatic Complex?
title_short Can Electronegative LDL Act as a Multienzymatic Complex?
title_sort can electronegative ldl act as a multienzymatic complex?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10138509/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37108253
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087074
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