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Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: Alterations in the Plasma Contact and Fibrinolytic Systems
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting millions of people worldwide. The classical hallmarks of AD include extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles, although they are often accompanied by various vascular defects. These changes...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10138543/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37108211 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087046 |
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author | Badimon, Ana Torrente, Daniel Norris, Erin H. |
author_facet | Badimon, Ana Torrente, Daniel Norris, Erin H. |
author_sort | Badimon, Ana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting millions of people worldwide. The classical hallmarks of AD include extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles, although they are often accompanied by various vascular defects. These changes include damage to the vasculature, a decrease in cerebral blood flow, and accumulation of Aβ along vessels, among others. Vascular dysfunction begins early in disease pathogenesis and may contribute to disease progression and cognitive dysfunction. In addition, patients with AD exhibit alterations in the plasma contact system and the fibrinolytic system, two pathways in the blood that regulate clotting and inflammation. Here, we explain the clinical manifestations of vascular deficits in AD. Further, we describe how changes in plasma contact activation and the fibrinolytic system may contribute to vascular dysfunction, inflammation, coagulation, and cognitive impairment in AD. Given this evidence, we propose novel therapies that may, alone or in combination, ameliorate AD progression in patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10138543 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101385432023-04-28 Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: Alterations in the Plasma Contact and Fibrinolytic Systems Badimon, Ana Torrente, Daniel Norris, Erin H. Int J Mol Sci Review Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting millions of people worldwide. The classical hallmarks of AD include extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles, although they are often accompanied by various vascular defects. These changes include damage to the vasculature, a decrease in cerebral blood flow, and accumulation of Aβ along vessels, among others. Vascular dysfunction begins early in disease pathogenesis and may contribute to disease progression and cognitive dysfunction. In addition, patients with AD exhibit alterations in the plasma contact system and the fibrinolytic system, two pathways in the blood that regulate clotting and inflammation. Here, we explain the clinical manifestations of vascular deficits in AD. Further, we describe how changes in plasma contact activation and the fibrinolytic system may contribute to vascular dysfunction, inflammation, coagulation, and cognitive impairment in AD. Given this evidence, we propose novel therapies that may, alone or in combination, ameliorate AD progression in patients. MDPI 2023-04-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10138543/ /pubmed/37108211 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087046 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Badimon, Ana Torrente, Daniel Norris, Erin H. Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: Alterations in the Plasma Contact and Fibrinolytic Systems |
title | Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: Alterations in the Plasma Contact and Fibrinolytic Systems |
title_full | Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: Alterations in the Plasma Contact and Fibrinolytic Systems |
title_fullStr | Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: Alterations in the Plasma Contact and Fibrinolytic Systems |
title_full_unstemmed | Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: Alterations in the Plasma Contact and Fibrinolytic Systems |
title_short | Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: Alterations in the Plasma Contact and Fibrinolytic Systems |
title_sort | vascular dysfunction in alzheimer’s disease: alterations in the plasma contact and fibrinolytic systems |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10138543/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37108211 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087046 |
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