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COVID-19: Factors Associated with the Psychological Distress, Fear and Resilient Coping Strategies among Community Members in Saudi Arabia
(1) Background: COVID-19 caused the worst international public health crisis, accompanied by major global economic downturns and mass-scale job losses, which impacted the psychosocial wellbeing of the worldwide population, including Saudi Arabia. Evidence of the high-risk groups impacted by the pand...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10138665/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37108018 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11081184 |
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author | Alharbi, Talal Ali F. Alqurashi, Alaa Ashraf Bagader Mahmud, Ilias Alharbi, Rayan Jafnan Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Almustanyir, Sami Maklad, Ahmed Essam AlSarraj, Ahmad Mughaiss, Lujain Nedhal Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. Ahmed, Ahmed Ali Barry, Mazin Ghozy, Sherief Alabdan, Lulwah Ibrahim Alif, Sheikh M. Sultana, Farhana Salehin, Masudus Banik, Biswajit Cross, Wendy Rahman, Muhammad Aziz |
author_facet | Alharbi, Talal Ali F. Alqurashi, Alaa Ashraf Bagader Mahmud, Ilias Alharbi, Rayan Jafnan Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Almustanyir, Sami Maklad, Ahmed Essam AlSarraj, Ahmad Mughaiss, Lujain Nedhal Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. Ahmed, Ahmed Ali Barry, Mazin Ghozy, Sherief Alabdan, Lulwah Ibrahim Alif, Sheikh M. Sultana, Farhana Salehin, Masudus Banik, Biswajit Cross, Wendy Rahman, Muhammad Aziz |
author_sort | Alharbi, Talal Ali F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | (1) Background: COVID-19 caused the worst international public health crisis, accompanied by major global economic downturns and mass-scale job losses, which impacted the psychosocial wellbeing of the worldwide population, including Saudi Arabia. Evidence of the high-risk groups impacted by the pandemic has been non-existent in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study examined factors associated with psychosocial distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping strategies among the general population in Saudi Arabia. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthcare and community settings in the Saudi Arabia using an anonymous online questionnaire. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) were used to assess psychological distress, fear and coping strategies, respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions were used, and an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) was reported. (3) Results: Among 803 participants, 70% (n = 556) were females, and the median age was 27 years; 35% (n = 278) were frontline or essential service workers; and 24% (n = 195) reported comorbid conditions including mental health illness. Of the respondents, 175 (21.8%) and 207 (25.8%) reported high and very high psychological distress, respectively. Factors associated with moderate to high levels of psychological distress were: youth, females, non-Saudi nationals, those experiencing a change in employment or a negative financial impact, having comorbidities, and current smoking. A high level of fear was reported by 89 participants (11.1%), and this was associated with being ex-smokers (3.72, 1.14–12.14, 0.029) and changes in employment (3.42, 1.91–6.11, 0.000). A high resilience was reported by 115 participants (14.3%), and 333 participants (41.5%) had medium resilience. Financial impact and contact with known/suspected cases (1.63, 1.12–2.38, 0.011) were associated with low, medium, to high resilient coping. (4) Conclusions: People in Saudi Arabia were at a higher risk of psychosocial distress along with medium-high resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, warranting urgent attention from healthcare providers and policymakers to provide specific mental health support strategies for their current wellbeing and to avoid a post-pandemic mental health crisis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10138665 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101386652023-04-28 COVID-19: Factors Associated with the Psychological Distress, Fear and Resilient Coping Strategies among Community Members in Saudi Arabia Alharbi, Talal Ali F. Alqurashi, Alaa Ashraf Bagader Mahmud, Ilias Alharbi, Rayan Jafnan Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Almustanyir, Sami Maklad, Ahmed Essam AlSarraj, Ahmad Mughaiss, Lujain Nedhal Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. Ahmed, Ahmed Ali Barry, Mazin Ghozy, Sherief Alabdan, Lulwah Ibrahim Alif, Sheikh M. Sultana, Farhana Salehin, Masudus Banik, Biswajit Cross, Wendy Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Healthcare (Basel) Article (1) Background: COVID-19 caused the worst international public health crisis, accompanied by major global economic downturns and mass-scale job losses, which impacted the psychosocial wellbeing of the worldwide population, including Saudi Arabia. Evidence of the high-risk groups impacted by the pandemic has been non-existent in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study examined factors associated with psychosocial distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping strategies among the general population in Saudi Arabia. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthcare and community settings in the Saudi Arabia using an anonymous online questionnaire. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) were used to assess psychological distress, fear and coping strategies, respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions were used, and an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) was reported. (3) Results: Among 803 participants, 70% (n = 556) were females, and the median age was 27 years; 35% (n = 278) were frontline or essential service workers; and 24% (n = 195) reported comorbid conditions including mental health illness. Of the respondents, 175 (21.8%) and 207 (25.8%) reported high and very high psychological distress, respectively. Factors associated with moderate to high levels of psychological distress were: youth, females, non-Saudi nationals, those experiencing a change in employment or a negative financial impact, having comorbidities, and current smoking. A high level of fear was reported by 89 participants (11.1%), and this was associated with being ex-smokers (3.72, 1.14–12.14, 0.029) and changes in employment (3.42, 1.91–6.11, 0.000). A high resilience was reported by 115 participants (14.3%), and 333 participants (41.5%) had medium resilience. Financial impact and contact with known/suspected cases (1.63, 1.12–2.38, 0.011) were associated with low, medium, to high resilient coping. (4) Conclusions: People in Saudi Arabia were at a higher risk of psychosocial distress along with medium-high resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, warranting urgent attention from healthcare providers and policymakers to provide specific mental health support strategies for their current wellbeing and to avoid a post-pandemic mental health crisis. MDPI 2023-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10138665/ /pubmed/37108018 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11081184 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Alharbi, Talal Ali F. Alqurashi, Alaa Ashraf Bagader Mahmud, Ilias Alharbi, Rayan Jafnan Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Almustanyir, Sami Maklad, Ahmed Essam AlSarraj, Ahmad Mughaiss, Lujain Nedhal Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. Ahmed, Ahmed Ali Barry, Mazin Ghozy, Sherief Alabdan, Lulwah Ibrahim Alif, Sheikh M. Sultana, Farhana Salehin, Masudus Banik, Biswajit Cross, Wendy Rahman, Muhammad Aziz COVID-19: Factors Associated with the Psychological Distress, Fear and Resilient Coping Strategies among Community Members in Saudi Arabia |
title | COVID-19: Factors Associated with the Psychological Distress, Fear and Resilient Coping Strategies among Community Members in Saudi Arabia |
title_full | COVID-19: Factors Associated with the Psychological Distress, Fear and Resilient Coping Strategies among Community Members in Saudi Arabia |
title_fullStr | COVID-19: Factors Associated with the Psychological Distress, Fear and Resilient Coping Strategies among Community Members in Saudi Arabia |
title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19: Factors Associated with the Psychological Distress, Fear and Resilient Coping Strategies among Community Members in Saudi Arabia |
title_short | COVID-19: Factors Associated with the Psychological Distress, Fear and Resilient Coping Strategies among Community Members in Saudi Arabia |
title_sort | covid-19: factors associated with the psychological distress, fear and resilient coping strategies among community members in saudi arabia |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10138665/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37108018 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11081184 |
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