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Laboratory earthquakes decipher control and stability of rupture speeds
Earthquakes are destructive natural hazards with damage capacity dictated by rupture speeds. Traditional dynamic rupture models predict that earthquake ruptures gradually accelerate to the Rayleigh wave speed with some of them further jumping to stable supershear speeds above the Eshelby speed (~[Fo...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10140064/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37105963 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38137-w |
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author | Dong, Peng Xia, Kaiwen Xu, Ying Elsworth, Derek Ampuero, Jean-Paul |
author_facet | Dong, Peng Xia, Kaiwen Xu, Ying Elsworth, Derek Ampuero, Jean-Paul |
author_sort | Dong, Peng |
collection | PubMed |
description | Earthquakes are destructive natural hazards with damage capacity dictated by rupture speeds. Traditional dynamic rupture models predict that earthquake ruptures gradually accelerate to the Rayleigh wave speed with some of them further jumping to stable supershear speeds above the Eshelby speed (~[Formula: see text] times S wave speed). However, the 2018 M(w) 7.5 Palu earthquake, among several others, significantly challenges such a viewpoint. Here we generate spontaneous shear ruptures on laboratory faults to confirm that ruptures can indeed attain steady subRayleigh or supershear propagation speeds immediately following nucleation. A self-similar analysis of dynamic rupture confirms our observation, leading to a simple model where the rupture speed is uniquely dependent on a driving load. Our results reproduce and explain a number of enigmatic field observations on earthquake speeds, including the existence of stable subEshelby supershear ruptures, early onset of supershear ruptures, and the correlation between the rupture speed and the driving load. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10140064 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101400642023-04-29 Laboratory earthquakes decipher control and stability of rupture speeds Dong, Peng Xia, Kaiwen Xu, Ying Elsworth, Derek Ampuero, Jean-Paul Nat Commun Article Earthquakes are destructive natural hazards with damage capacity dictated by rupture speeds. Traditional dynamic rupture models predict that earthquake ruptures gradually accelerate to the Rayleigh wave speed with some of them further jumping to stable supershear speeds above the Eshelby speed (~[Formula: see text] times S wave speed). However, the 2018 M(w) 7.5 Palu earthquake, among several others, significantly challenges such a viewpoint. Here we generate spontaneous shear ruptures on laboratory faults to confirm that ruptures can indeed attain steady subRayleigh or supershear propagation speeds immediately following nucleation. A self-similar analysis of dynamic rupture confirms our observation, leading to a simple model where the rupture speed is uniquely dependent on a driving load. Our results reproduce and explain a number of enigmatic field observations on earthquake speeds, including the existence of stable subEshelby supershear ruptures, early onset of supershear ruptures, and the correlation between the rupture speed and the driving load. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10140064/ /pubmed/37105963 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38137-w Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Dong, Peng Xia, Kaiwen Xu, Ying Elsworth, Derek Ampuero, Jean-Paul Laboratory earthquakes decipher control and stability of rupture speeds |
title | Laboratory earthquakes decipher control and stability of rupture speeds |
title_full | Laboratory earthquakes decipher control and stability of rupture speeds |
title_fullStr | Laboratory earthquakes decipher control and stability of rupture speeds |
title_full_unstemmed | Laboratory earthquakes decipher control and stability of rupture speeds |
title_short | Laboratory earthquakes decipher control and stability of rupture speeds |
title_sort | laboratory earthquakes decipher control and stability of rupture speeds |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10140064/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37105963 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38137-w |
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