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The microbiota-gut-brain axis in stress and depression

Humans and animals are evolved to have instinctive physiological responses to threats. The perception of threat by the brain triggers a multitude of changes across the brain and body. A large body of research have demonstrated that our hardwired survival instinct, the stress response, can become mal...

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Autor principal: Tan, Hwei-Ee
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10140437/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37123352
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1151478
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author Tan, Hwei-Ee
author_facet Tan, Hwei-Ee
author_sort Tan, Hwei-Ee
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description Humans and animals are evolved to have instinctive physiological responses to threats. The perception of threat by the brain triggers a multitude of changes across the brain and body. A large body of research have demonstrated that our hardwired survival instinct, the stress response, can become maladaptive and promote major depressive disorders and other neuropsychiatric impairments. However, gaps in our understanding of how chronic stress contributes to depression and mental disorders suggest that we also need to consider factors beyond the biology of the host. The unravelling of the structure and function of microorganisms that humans and animals are host to have driven a paradigm shift in understanding the individual as a collective network composed of the host plus microbes. Well over 90% of bacteria in the body reside in the large intestines, and these microbes in the lower gut function almost like an organ in the body in the way it interacts with the host. Importantly, bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and the brain (i.e., the two-way microbiota-gut-brain axis) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mental disorders including depression. Here, in summarizing the emerging literature, we envisage that further research particularly on the efferent brain-gut-microbiota axis will uncover transformative links in the biology of stress and depression.
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spelling pubmed-101404372023-04-29 The microbiota-gut-brain axis in stress and depression Tan, Hwei-Ee Front Neurosci Neuroscience Humans and animals are evolved to have instinctive physiological responses to threats. The perception of threat by the brain triggers a multitude of changes across the brain and body. A large body of research have demonstrated that our hardwired survival instinct, the stress response, can become maladaptive and promote major depressive disorders and other neuropsychiatric impairments. However, gaps in our understanding of how chronic stress contributes to depression and mental disorders suggest that we also need to consider factors beyond the biology of the host. The unravelling of the structure and function of microorganisms that humans and animals are host to have driven a paradigm shift in understanding the individual as a collective network composed of the host plus microbes. Well over 90% of bacteria in the body reside in the large intestines, and these microbes in the lower gut function almost like an organ in the body in the way it interacts with the host. Importantly, bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and the brain (i.e., the two-way microbiota-gut-brain axis) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mental disorders including depression. Here, in summarizing the emerging literature, we envisage that further research particularly on the efferent brain-gut-microbiota axis will uncover transformative links in the biology of stress and depression. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-04-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10140437/ /pubmed/37123352 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1151478 Text en Copyright © 2023 Tan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Tan, Hwei-Ee
The microbiota-gut-brain axis in stress and depression
title The microbiota-gut-brain axis in stress and depression
title_full The microbiota-gut-brain axis in stress and depression
title_fullStr The microbiota-gut-brain axis in stress and depression
title_full_unstemmed The microbiota-gut-brain axis in stress and depression
title_short The microbiota-gut-brain axis in stress and depression
title_sort microbiota-gut-brain axis in stress and depression
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10140437/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37123352
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1151478
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