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The Link between Different Types of Prebiotics in Infant Formula and Infection Rates: A Review

Breastfeeding plays a protective role against infections, partially through the prebiotic effect of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Aiming to mimic these beneficial capacities, there is an ongoing search to make infant formula closer to human milk, including by adding oligosaccharides. Over the...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Cool, Roxane, Vandenplas, Yvan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10140947/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37111161
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15081942
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author Cool, Roxane
Vandenplas, Yvan
author_facet Cool, Roxane
Vandenplas, Yvan
author_sort Cool, Roxane
collection PubMed
description Breastfeeding plays a protective role against infections, partially through the prebiotic effect of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Aiming to mimic these beneficial capacities, there is an ongoing search to make infant formula closer to human milk, including by adding oligosaccharides. Over the past two decades, multiple studies have been published on different types of prebiotics and their role in reducing infection rates in infants. This review aims to answer the question of whether there is evidence that the addition of oligosaccharides to infant formula decreases the prevalence of infection, and whether the effect is influenced by the kind of oligosaccharide added. The review of the literature reveals an important heterogeneity, including different types and dosages of prebiotics, different intervention periods and inclusion criteria, etc., making it impossible to formulate a consensus about the efficacy of adding prebiotics to infant formula. We would cautiously suggest that supplementation with galactooligosaccharides (GOSs)/fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) seems to have a beneficial effect on infection rates. For HMOs, more studies about the different types of HMOs are necessary to make any deductions. GOSs alone, inulin, and MOSs (bovine-milk-derived oligosaccharides) do not reduce the incidence of infections. The combination of GOSs and PDX (polydextrose) was found to play a protective role in one study. The evidence of the effect of prebiotics in reducing the use of antibiotics is low. The many lacunas in the direction of study uniformity offer many opportunities for further research.
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spelling pubmed-101409472023-04-29 The Link between Different Types of Prebiotics in Infant Formula and Infection Rates: A Review Cool, Roxane Vandenplas, Yvan Nutrients Review Breastfeeding plays a protective role against infections, partially through the prebiotic effect of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Aiming to mimic these beneficial capacities, there is an ongoing search to make infant formula closer to human milk, including by adding oligosaccharides. Over the past two decades, multiple studies have been published on different types of prebiotics and their role in reducing infection rates in infants. This review aims to answer the question of whether there is evidence that the addition of oligosaccharides to infant formula decreases the prevalence of infection, and whether the effect is influenced by the kind of oligosaccharide added. The review of the literature reveals an important heterogeneity, including different types and dosages of prebiotics, different intervention periods and inclusion criteria, etc., making it impossible to formulate a consensus about the efficacy of adding prebiotics to infant formula. We would cautiously suggest that supplementation with galactooligosaccharides (GOSs)/fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) seems to have a beneficial effect on infection rates. For HMOs, more studies about the different types of HMOs are necessary to make any deductions. GOSs alone, inulin, and MOSs (bovine-milk-derived oligosaccharides) do not reduce the incidence of infections. The combination of GOSs and PDX (polydextrose) was found to play a protective role in one study. The evidence of the effect of prebiotics in reducing the use of antibiotics is low. The many lacunas in the direction of study uniformity offer many opportunities for further research. MDPI 2023-04-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10140947/ /pubmed/37111161 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15081942 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Cool, Roxane
Vandenplas, Yvan
The Link between Different Types of Prebiotics in Infant Formula and Infection Rates: A Review
title The Link between Different Types of Prebiotics in Infant Formula and Infection Rates: A Review
title_full The Link between Different Types of Prebiotics in Infant Formula and Infection Rates: A Review
title_fullStr The Link between Different Types of Prebiotics in Infant Formula and Infection Rates: A Review
title_full_unstemmed The Link between Different Types of Prebiotics in Infant Formula and Infection Rates: A Review
title_short The Link between Different Types of Prebiotics in Infant Formula and Infection Rates: A Review
title_sort link between different types of prebiotics in infant formula and infection rates: a review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10140947/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37111161
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15081942
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