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Clostridioides difficile, a New “Superbug”
Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium. The clinical features of C. difficile infections (CDIs) can vary, ranging from the asymptomatic carriage and mild self-limiting diarrhoea to severe and sometimes fatal pseudomembranous colitis. C. difficile infections (...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10140992/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37110267 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11040845 |
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author | Markovska, Rumyana Dimitrov, Georgi Gergova, Raina Boyanova, Lyudmila |
author_facet | Markovska, Rumyana Dimitrov, Georgi Gergova, Raina Boyanova, Lyudmila |
author_sort | Markovska, Rumyana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium. The clinical features of C. difficile infections (CDIs) can vary, ranging from the asymptomatic carriage and mild self-limiting diarrhoea to severe and sometimes fatal pseudomembranous colitis. C. difficile infections (CDIs) are associated with disruption of the gut microbiota caused by antimicrobial agents. The infections are predominantly hospital-acquired, but in the last decades, the CDI patterns have changed. Their prevalence increased, and the proportion of community-acquired CDIs has also increased. This can be associated with the appearance of hypervirulent epidemic isolates of ribotype 027. The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated antibiotic overuse could additionally change the patterns of infections. Treatment of CDIs is a challenge, with only three appropriate antibiotics for use. The wide distribution of C. difficile spores in hospital environments, chronic persistence in some individuals, especially children, and the recent detection of C. difficile in domestic pets can furthermore worsen the situation. “Superbugs” are microorganisms that are both highly virulent and resistant to antibiotics. The aim of this review article is to characterise C. difficile as a new member of the “superbug” family. Due to its worldwide spread, the lack of many treatment options and the high rates of both recurrence and mortality, C. difficile has emerged as a major concern for the healthcare system. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10140992 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101409922023-04-29 Clostridioides difficile, a New “Superbug” Markovska, Rumyana Dimitrov, Georgi Gergova, Raina Boyanova, Lyudmila Microorganisms Article Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium. The clinical features of C. difficile infections (CDIs) can vary, ranging from the asymptomatic carriage and mild self-limiting diarrhoea to severe and sometimes fatal pseudomembranous colitis. C. difficile infections (CDIs) are associated with disruption of the gut microbiota caused by antimicrobial agents. The infections are predominantly hospital-acquired, but in the last decades, the CDI patterns have changed. Their prevalence increased, and the proportion of community-acquired CDIs has also increased. This can be associated with the appearance of hypervirulent epidemic isolates of ribotype 027. The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated antibiotic overuse could additionally change the patterns of infections. Treatment of CDIs is a challenge, with only three appropriate antibiotics for use. The wide distribution of C. difficile spores in hospital environments, chronic persistence in some individuals, especially children, and the recent detection of C. difficile in domestic pets can furthermore worsen the situation. “Superbugs” are microorganisms that are both highly virulent and resistant to antibiotics. The aim of this review article is to characterise C. difficile as a new member of the “superbug” family. Due to its worldwide spread, the lack of many treatment options and the high rates of both recurrence and mortality, C. difficile has emerged as a major concern for the healthcare system. MDPI 2023-03-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10140992/ /pubmed/37110267 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11040845 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Markovska, Rumyana Dimitrov, Georgi Gergova, Raina Boyanova, Lyudmila Clostridioides difficile, a New “Superbug” |
title | Clostridioides difficile, a New “Superbug” |
title_full | Clostridioides difficile, a New “Superbug” |
title_fullStr | Clostridioides difficile, a New “Superbug” |
title_full_unstemmed | Clostridioides difficile, a New “Superbug” |
title_short | Clostridioides difficile, a New “Superbug” |
title_sort | clostridioides difficile, a new “superbug” |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10140992/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37110267 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11040845 |
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