Cargando…

Intermediate Cluster Disinfection: Which Disinfection Solution Is Most Effective on Milking Liners? A Comparison of Microorganism Reduction on Liner Inner Surfaces Using Quantitative Swab Sampling Technique

During machine milking, pathogenic microorganisms can be transmitted from cow to cow through liners. Therefore, in Germany, a spray method for the intermediate disinfection of the milking cluster is often used for prevention. This method of cluster disinfection is easy to perform, requires little ti...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Scheib, Sabrina, Leimbach, Stefanie, Avramidis, Georg, Bellmann, Martin, Nitz, Julia, Ochs, Christian, Tellen, Anne, Wente, Nicole, Zhang, Yanchao, Viöl, Wolfgang, Krömker, Volker
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10141699/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37111446
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040560
_version_ 1785033441641758720
author Scheib, Sabrina
Leimbach, Stefanie
Avramidis, Georg
Bellmann, Martin
Nitz, Julia
Ochs, Christian
Tellen, Anne
Wente, Nicole
Zhang, Yanchao
Viöl, Wolfgang
Krömker, Volker
author_facet Scheib, Sabrina
Leimbach, Stefanie
Avramidis, Georg
Bellmann, Martin
Nitz, Julia
Ochs, Christian
Tellen, Anne
Wente, Nicole
Zhang, Yanchao
Viöl, Wolfgang
Krömker, Volker
author_sort Scheib, Sabrina
collection PubMed
description During machine milking, pathogenic microorganisms can be transmitted from cow to cow through liners. Therefore, in Germany, a spray method for the intermediate disinfection of the milking cluster is often used for prevention. This method of cluster disinfection is easy to perform, requires little time and no extra materials, and the disinfection solution is safe from outside contamination in the spray bottle. Since no data on a systematic efficacy trial are available, the aim of this study was to determine the microbial reduction effect of intermediate disinfection. Therefore, laboratory and field trials were conducted. In both trials, two sprays of 0.85 mL per burst of different disinfectant solutions were sprayed into the contaminated liners. For sampling, a quantitative swabbing method using a modified wet–dry swab (WDS) technique based on DIN 10113-1: 1997-07 was applied. Thus, the effectiveness of disinfectants based on Peracetic Acid, Hydrogen Peroxide and Plasma-Activated Buffered Solution (PABS) was compared. In the laboratory trial, the inner surfaces of liners were contaminated with pure cultures of Escherichia (E.) coli, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, Streptococcus (Sc.) uberis and Sc. agalactiae. The disinfection of the contaminated liners with the disinfectants resulted in a significant reduction in bacteria with values averaging 1 log for E. coli, 0.7 log for S. aureus, 0.7 log for Sc. uberis and 0.8 log for Sc. agalactiae. The highest reduction was obtained for contamination with E. coli (1.3 log) and Sc. uberis (0.8 log) when PABS was applied and for contamination with S. aureus (1.1 log) and Sc. agalactiae (1 log) when Peracetic Acid Solution (PAS) was used. Treatment with sterile water only led to an average reduction of 0.4 log. In the field trial, after the milking of 575 cows, the liners were disinfected and the total microorganism count from the liner surface was performed. The reduction was measured against an untreated liner within the cluster. Although a reduction in microorganisms was achieved in the field trial, it was not significant. When using PAS, a log reduction of 0.3 was achieved; when using PABS, a log reduction of 0.2 was obtained. The difference between the two disinfection methods was also not significant. Treatment with sterile water only led to a reduction of 0.1 log. The results show that spray disinfection under these circumstances does result in a reduction in the bacteria on the milking liner surface, but for effective disinfection a higher reduction would be preferred.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10141699
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-101416992023-04-29 Intermediate Cluster Disinfection: Which Disinfection Solution Is Most Effective on Milking Liners? A Comparison of Microorganism Reduction on Liner Inner Surfaces Using Quantitative Swab Sampling Technique Scheib, Sabrina Leimbach, Stefanie Avramidis, Georg Bellmann, Martin Nitz, Julia Ochs, Christian Tellen, Anne Wente, Nicole Zhang, Yanchao Viöl, Wolfgang Krömker, Volker Pathogens Article During machine milking, pathogenic microorganisms can be transmitted from cow to cow through liners. Therefore, in Germany, a spray method for the intermediate disinfection of the milking cluster is often used for prevention. This method of cluster disinfection is easy to perform, requires little time and no extra materials, and the disinfection solution is safe from outside contamination in the spray bottle. Since no data on a systematic efficacy trial are available, the aim of this study was to determine the microbial reduction effect of intermediate disinfection. Therefore, laboratory and field trials were conducted. In both trials, two sprays of 0.85 mL per burst of different disinfectant solutions were sprayed into the contaminated liners. For sampling, a quantitative swabbing method using a modified wet–dry swab (WDS) technique based on DIN 10113-1: 1997-07 was applied. Thus, the effectiveness of disinfectants based on Peracetic Acid, Hydrogen Peroxide and Plasma-Activated Buffered Solution (PABS) was compared. In the laboratory trial, the inner surfaces of liners were contaminated with pure cultures of Escherichia (E.) coli, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, Streptococcus (Sc.) uberis and Sc. agalactiae. The disinfection of the contaminated liners with the disinfectants resulted in a significant reduction in bacteria with values averaging 1 log for E. coli, 0.7 log for S. aureus, 0.7 log for Sc. uberis and 0.8 log for Sc. agalactiae. The highest reduction was obtained for contamination with E. coli (1.3 log) and Sc. uberis (0.8 log) when PABS was applied and for contamination with S. aureus (1.1 log) and Sc. agalactiae (1 log) when Peracetic Acid Solution (PAS) was used. Treatment with sterile water only led to an average reduction of 0.4 log. In the field trial, after the milking of 575 cows, the liners were disinfected and the total microorganism count from the liner surface was performed. The reduction was measured against an untreated liner within the cluster. Although a reduction in microorganisms was achieved in the field trial, it was not significant. When using PAS, a log reduction of 0.3 was achieved; when using PABS, a log reduction of 0.2 was obtained. The difference between the two disinfection methods was also not significant. Treatment with sterile water only led to a reduction of 0.1 log. The results show that spray disinfection under these circumstances does result in a reduction in the bacteria on the milking liner surface, but for effective disinfection a higher reduction would be preferred. MDPI 2023-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10141699/ /pubmed/37111446 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040560 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Scheib, Sabrina
Leimbach, Stefanie
Avramidis, Georg
Bellmann, Martin
Nitz, Julia
Ochs, Christian
Tellen, Anne
Wente, Nicole
Zhang, Yanchao
Viöl, Wolfgang
Krömker, Volker
Intermediate Cluster Disinfection: Which Disinfection Solution Is Most Effective on Milking Liners? A Comparison of Microorganism Reduction on Liner Inner Surfaces Using Quantitative Swab Sampling Technique
title Intermediate Cluster Disinfection: Which Disinfection Solution Is Most Effective on Milking Liners? A Comparison of Microorganism Reduction on Liner Inner Surfaces Using Quantitative Swab Sampling Technique
title_full Intermediate Cluster Disinfection: Which Disinfection Solution Is Most Effective on Milking Liners? A Comparison of Microorganism Reduction on Liner Inner Surfaces Using Quantitative Swab Sampling Technique
title_fullStr Intermediate Cluster Disinfection: Which Disinfection Solution Is Most Effective on Milking Liners? A Comparison of Microorganism Reduction on Liner Inner Surfaces Using Quantitative Swab Sampling Technique
title_full_unstemmed Intermediate Cluster Disinfection: Which Disinfection Solution Is Most Effective on Milking Liners? A Comparison of Microorganism Reduction on Liner Inner Surfaces Using Quantitative Swab Sampling Technique
title_short Intermediate Cluster Disinfection: Which Disinfection Solution Is Most Effective on Milking Liners? A Comparison of Microorganism Reduction on Liner Inner Surfaces Using Quantitative Swab Sampling Technique
title_sort intermediate cluster disinfection: which disinfection solution is most effective on milking liners? a comparison of microorganism reduction on liner inner surfaces using quantitative swab sampling technique
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10141699/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37111446
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040560
work_keys_str_mv AT scheibsabrina intermediateclusterdisinfectionwhichdisinfectionsolutionismosteffectiveonmilkinglinersacomparisonofmicroorganismreductiononlinerinnersurfacesusingquantitativeswabsamplingtechnique
AT leimbachstefanie intermediateclusterdisinfectionwhichdisinfectionsolutionismosteffectiveonmilkinglinersacomparisonofmicroorganismreductiononlinerinnersurfacesusingquantitativeswabsamplingtechnique
AT avramidisgeorg intermediateclusterdisinfectionwhichdisinfectionsolutionismosteffectiveonmilkinglinersacomparisonofmicroorganismreductiononlinerinnersurfacesusingquantitativeswabsamplingtechnique
AT bellmannmartin intermediateclusterdisinfectionwhichdisinfectionsolutionismosteffectiveonmilkinglinersacomparisonofmicroorganismreductiononlinerinnersurfacesusingquantitativeswabsamplingtechnique
AT nitzjulia intermediateclusterdisinfectionwhichdisinfectionsolutionismosteffectiveonmilkinglinersacomparisonofmicroorganismreductiononlinerinnersurfacesusingquantitativeswabsamplingtechnique
AT ochschristian intermediateclusterdisinfectionwhichdisinfectionsolutionismosteffectiveonmilkinglinersacomparisonofmicroorganismreductiononlinerinnersurfacesusingquantitativeswabsamplingtechnique
AT tellenanne intermediateclusterdisinfectionwhichdisinfectionsolutionismosteffectiveonmilkinglinersacomparisonofmicroorganismreductiononlinerinnersurfacesusingquantitativeswabsamplingtechnique
AT wentenicole intermediateclusterdisinfectionwhichdisinfectionsolutionismosteffectiveonmilkinglinersacomparisonofmicroorganismreductiononlinerinnersurfacesusingquantitativeswabsamplingtechnique
AT zhangyanchao intermediateclusterdisinfectionwhichdisinfectionsolutionismosteffectiveonmilkinglinersacomparisonofmicroorganismreductiononlinerinnersurfacesusingquantitativeswabsamplingtechnique
AT violwolfgang intermediateclusterdisinfectionwhichdisinfectionsolutionismosteffectiveonmilkinglinersacomparisonofmicroorganismreductiononlinerinnersurfacesusingquantitativeswabsamplingtechnique
AT kromkervolker intermediateclusterdisinfectionwhichdisinfectionsolutionismosteffectiveonmilkinglinersacomparisonofmicroorganismreductiononlinerinnersurfacesusingquantitativeswabsamplingtechnique