Cargando…
Unraveling the Mechanism and Practical Implications of the Sol-Gel Synthesis of Spinel LiMn(2)O(4) as a Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries: Critical Effects of Cation Distribution at the Matrix Level
Spinel LiMn(2)O(4) (LMO) is a state-of-the-art cathode material for Li-ion batteries. However, the operating voltage and battery life of spinel LMO needs to be improved for application in various modern technologies. Modifying the composition of the spinel LMO material alters its electronic structur...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10142034/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37110722 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083489 |
_version_ | 1785033515632427008 |
---|---|
author | Nyamaa, Oyunbayar Kang, Gyeong-Ho Huh, Sun-Chul Yang, Jeong-Hyeon Nam, Tae-Hyun Noh, Jung-Pil |
author_facet | Nyamaa, Oyunbayar Kang, Gyeong-Ho Huh, Sun-Chul Yang, Jeong-Hyeon Nam, Tae-Hyun Noh, Jung-Pil |
author_sort | Nyamaa, Oyunbayar |
collection | PubMed |
description | Spinel LiMn(2)O(4) (LMO) is a state-of-the-art cathode material for Li-ion batteries. However, the operating voltage and battery life of spinel LMO needs to be improved for application in various modern technologies. Modifying the composition of the spinel LMO material alters its electronic structure, thereby increasing its operating voltage. Additionally, modifying the microstructure of the spinel LMO by controlling the size and distribution of the particles can improve its electrochemical properties. In this study, we elucidate the sol-gel synthesis mechanisms of two common types of sol-gels (modified and unmodified metal complexes)—chelate gel and organic polymeric gel—and investigate their structural and morphological properties and electrochemical performances. This study highlights that uniform distribution of cations during sol-gel formation is important for the growth of LMO crystals. Furthermore, a homogeneous multicomponent sol-gel, necessary to ensure that no conflicting morphologies and structures would degrade the electrochemical performances, can be obtained when the sol-gel has a polymer-like structure and uniformly bound ions; this can be achieved by using additional multifunctional reagents, namely cross-linkers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10142034 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101420342023-04-29 Unraveling the Mechanism and Practical Implications of the Sol-Gel Synthesis of Spinel LiMn(2)O(4) as a Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries: Critical Effects of Cation Distribution at the Matrix Level Nyamaa, Oyunbayar Kang, Gyeong-Ho Huh, Sun-Chul Yang, Jeong-Hyeon Nam, Tae-Hyun Noh, Jung-Pil Molecules Article Spinel LiMn(2)O(4) (LMO) is a state-of-the-art cathode material for Li-ion batteries. However, the operating voltage and battery life of spinel LMO needs to be improved for application in various modern technologies. Modifying the composition of the spinel LMO material alters its electronic structure, thereby increasing its operating voltage. Additionally, modifying the microstructure of the spinel LMO by controlling the size and distribution of the particles can improve its electrochemical properties. In this study, we elucidate the sol-gel synthesis mechanisms of two common types of sol-gels (modified and unmodified metal complexes)—chelate gel and organic polymeric gel—and investigate their structural and morphological properties and electrochemical performances. This study highlights that uniform distribution of cations during sol-gel formation is important for the growth of LMO crystals. Furthermore, a homogeneous multicomponent sol-gel, necessary to ensure that no conflicting morphologies and structures would degrade the electrochemical performances, can be obtained when the sol-gel has a polymer-like structure and uniformly bound ions; this can be achieved by using additional multifunctional reagents, namely cross-linkers. MDPI 2023-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10142034/ /pubmed/37110722 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083489 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Nyamaa, Oyunbayar Kang, Gyeong-Ho Huh, Sun-Chul Yang, Jeong-Hyeon Nam, Tae-Hyun Noh, Jung-Pil Unraveling the Mechanism and Practical Implications of the Sol-Gel Synthesis of Spinel LiMn(2)O(4) as a Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries: Critical Effects of Cation Distribution at the Matrix Level |
title | Unraveling the Mechanism and Practical Implications of the Sol-Gel Synthesis of Spinel LiMn(2)O(4) as a Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries: Critical Effects of Cation Distribution at the Matrix Level |
title_full | Unraveling the Mechanism and Practical Implications of the Sol-Gel Synthesis of Spinel LiMn(2)O(4) as a Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries: Critical Effects of Cation Distribution at the Matrix Level |
title_fullStr | Unraveling the Mechanism and Practical Implications of the Sol-Gel Synthesis of Spinel LiMn(2)O(4) as a Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries: Critical Effects of Cation Distribution at the Matrix Level |
title_full_unstemmed | Unraveling the Mechanism and Practical Implications of the Sol-Gel Synthesis of Spinel LiMn(2)O(4) as a Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries: Critical Effects of Cation Distribution at the Matrix Level |
title_short | Unraveling the Mechanism and Practical Implications of the Sol-Gel Synthesis of Spinel LiMn(2)O(4) as a Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries: Critical Effects of Cation Distribution at the Matrix Level |
title_sort | unraveling the mechanism and practical implications of the sol-gel synthesis of spinel limn(2)o(4) as a cathode material for li-ion batteries: critical effects of cation distribution at the matrix level |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10142034/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37110722 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083489 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT nyamaaoyunbayar unravelingthemechanismandpracticalimplicationsofthesolgelsynthesisofspinellimn2o4asacathodematerialforliionbatteriescriticaleffectsofcationdistributionatthematrixlevel AT kanggyeongho unravelingthemechanismandpracticalimplicationsofthesolgelsynthesisofspinellimn2o4asacathodematerialforliionbatteriescriticaleffectsofcationdistributionatthematrixlevel AT huhsunchul unravelingthemechanismandpracticalimplicationsofthesolgelsynthesisofspinellimn2o4asacathodematerialforliionbatteriescriticaleffectsofcationdistributionatthematrixlevel AT yangjeonghyeon unravelingthemechanismandpracticalimplicationsofthesolgelsynthesisofspinellimn2o4asacathodematerialforliionbatteriescriticaleffectsofcationdistributionatthematrixlevel AT namtaehyun unravelingthemechanismandpracticalimplicationsofthesolgelsynthesisofspinellimn2o4asacathodematerialforliionbatteriescriticaleffectsofcationdistributionatthematrixlevel AT nohjungpil unravelingthemechanismandpracticalimplicationsofthesolgelsynthesisofspinellimn2o4asacathodematerialforliionbatteriescriticaleffectsofcationdistributionatthematrixlevel |