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Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension

Aim: To evaluate the association of alcohol and smoking combined with cardiovascular and renal events and investigate whether moderate and heavy alcohol consumption have a different impact on this association. Methods: The study was conducted in 1208 young-to-middle-age stage 1 hypertensive patients...

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Autores principales: Palatini, Paolo, Mos, Lucio, Saladini, Francesca, Vriz, Olga, Fania, Claudio, Ermolao, Andrea, Battista, Francesca, Canevari, Mattia, Rattazzi, Marcello
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10142645/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37109129
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082792
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author Palatini, Paolo
Mos, Lucio
Saladini, Francesca
Vriz, Olga
Fania, Claudio
Ermolao, Andrea
Battista, Francesca
Canevari, Mattia
Rattazzi, Marcello
author_facet Palatini, Paolo
Mos, Lucio
Saladini, Francesca
Vriz, Olga
Fania, Claudio
Ermolao, Andrea
Battista, Francesca
Canevari, Mattia
Rattazzi, Marcello
author_sort Palatini, Paolo
collection PubMed
description Aim: To evaluate the association of alcohol and smoking combined with cardiovascular and renal events and investigate whether moderate and heavy alcohol consumption have a different impact on this association. Methods: The study was conducted in 1208 young-to-middle-age stage 1 hypertensive patients. Subjects were classified into three categories of cigarette smoking and alcohol use, and the risk of adverse outcomes was assessed over a 17.4-year follow-up. Results: In multivariable Cox models, smoking showed a different prognostic impact on alcohol drinkers and abstainers. In the former, an increase in the risk of cardiovascular and renal events was observed compared to nonsmokers (hazard ratio, 2.6, 95% CI, 1.5–4.3, p < 0.001), whereas in the latter, the risk did not achieve the level of statistical significance (p = 0.27) with a significant interaction between smoking and alcohol use (p < 0.001). Among the heavy smokers who also drank alcoholic beverages, the hazard ratio from the fully adjusted model was 4.3 (95% CI, 2.3–8.0, p < 0.0001). In the subjects with moderate alcohol consumption, the risk of smoking and alcohol combined was similar to that found in the whole population (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5–3.9, p < 0.001). Among the subjects with heavy alcohol consumption, the hazard ratio was 3.4 (95% CI, 1.3–8.6, p = 0.011). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the detrimental cardiovascular effects of smoking can be worsened by concomitant alcohol use. This synergistic effect occurs not only for heavy alcohol consumption but also for moderate use. Smokers should be aware of the increased risk associated with concomitant alcohol consumption.
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spelling pubmed-101426452023-04-29 Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension Palatini, Paolo Mos, Lucio Saladini, Francesca Vriz, Olga Fania, Claudio Ermolao, Andrea Battista, Francesca Canevari, Mattia Rattazzi, Marcello J Clin Med Article Aim: To evaluate the association of alcohol and smoking combined with cardiovascular and renal events and investigate whether moderate and heavy alcohol consumption have a different impact on this association. Methods: The study was conducted in 1208 young-to-middle-age stage 1 hypertensive patients. Subjects were classified into three categories of cigarette smoking and alcohol use, and the risk of adverse outcomes was assessed over a 17.4-year follow-up. Results: In multivariable Cox models, smoking showed a different prognostic impact on alcohol drinkers and abstainers. In the former, an increase in the risk of cardiovascular and renal events was observed compared to nonsmokers (hazard ratio, 2.6, 95% CI, 1.5–4.3, p < 0.001), whereas in the latter, the risk did not achieve the level of statistical significance (p = 0.27) with a significant interaction between smoking and alcohol use (p < 0.001). Among the heavy smokers who also drank alcoholic beverages, the hazard ratio from the fully adjusted model was 4.3 (95% CI, 2.3–8.0, p < 0.0001). In the subjects with moderate alcohol consumption, the risk of smoking and alcohol combined was similar to that found in the whole population (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5–3.9, p < 0.001). Among the subjects with heavy alcohol consumption, the hazard ratio was 3.4 (95% CI, 1.3–8.6, p = 0.011). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the detrimental cardiovascular effects of smoking can be worsened by concomitant alcohol use. This synergistic effect occurs not only for heavy alcohol consumption but also for moderate use. Smokers should be aware of the increased risk associated with concomitant alcohol consumption. MDPI 2023-04-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10142645/ /pubmed/37109129 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082792 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Palatini, Paolo
Mos, Lucio
Saladini, Francesca
Vriz, Olga
Fania, Claudio
Ermolao, Andrea
Battista, Francesca
Canevari, Mattia
Rattazzi, Marcello
Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension
title Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension
title_full Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension
title_fullStr Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension
title_full_unstemmed Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension
title_short Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension
title_sort both moderate and heavy alcohol use amplify the adverse cardiovascular effects of smoking in young patients with hypertension
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10142645/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37109129
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082792
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