Cargando…
Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension
Aim: To evaluate the association of alcohol and smoking combined with cardiovascular and renal events and investigate whether moderate and heavy alcohol consumption have a different impact on this association. Methods: The study was conducted in 1208 young-to-middle-age stage 1 hypertensive patients...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10142645/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37109129 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082792 |
_version_ | 1785033662909120512 |
---|---|
author | Palatini, Paolo Mos, Lucio Saladini, Francesca Vriz, Olga Fania, Claudio Ermolao, Andrea Battista, Francesca Canevari, Mattia Rattazzi, Marcello |
author_facet | Palatini, Paolo Mos, Lucio Saladini, Francesca Vriz, Olga Fania, Claudio Ermolao, Andrea Battista, Francesca Canevari, Mattia Rattazzi, Marcello |
author_sort | Palatini, Paolo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Aim: To evaluate the association of alcohol and smoking combined with cardiovascular and renal events and investigate whether moderate and heavy alcohol consumption have a different impact on this association. Methods: The study was conducted in 1208 young-to-middle-age stage 1 hypertensive patients. Subjects were classified into three categories of cigarette smoking and alcohol use, and the risk of adverse outcomes was assessed over a 17.4-year follow-up. Results: In multivariable Cox models, smoking showed a different prognostic impact on alcohol drinkers and abstainers. In the former, an increase in the risk of cardiovascular and renal events was observed compared to nonsmokers (hazard ratio, 2.6, 95% CI, 1.5–4.3, p < 0.001), whereas in the latter, the risk did not achieve the level of statistical significance (p = 0.27) with a significant interaction between smoking and alcohol use (p < 0.001). Among the heavy smokers who also drank alcoholic beverages, the hazard ratio from the fully adjusted model was 4.3 (95% CI, 2.3–8.0, p < 0.0001). In the subjects with moderate alcohol consumption, the risk of smoking and alcohol combined was similar to that found in the whole population (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5–3.9, p < 0.001). Among the subjects with heavy alcohol consumption, the hazard ratio was 3.4 (95% CI, 1.3–8.6, p = 0.011). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the detrimental cardiovascular effects of smoking can be worsened by concomitant alcohol use. This synergistic effect occurs not only for heavy alcohol consumption but also for moderate use. Smokers should be aware of the increased risk associated with concomitant alcohol consumption. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10142645 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101426452023-04-29 Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension Palatini, Paolo Mos, Lucio Saladini, Francesca Vriz, Olga Fania, Claudio Ermolao, Andrea Battista, Francesca Canevari, Mattia Rattazzi, Marcello J Clin Med Article Aim: To evaluate the association of alcohol and smoking combined with cardiovascular and renal events and investigate whether moderate and heavy alcohol consumption have a different impact on this association. Methods: The study was conducted in 1208 young-to-middle-age stage 1 hypertensive patients. Subjects were classified into three categories of cigarette smoking and alcohol use, and the risk of adverse outcomes was assessed over a 17.4-year follow-up. Results: In multivariable Cox models, smoking showed a different prognostic impact on alcohol drinkers and abstainers. In the former, an increase in the risk of cardiovascular and renal events was observed compared to nonsmokers (hazard ratio, 2.6, 95% CI, 1.5–4.3, p < 0.001), whereas in the latter, the risk did not achieve the level of statistical significance (p = 0.27) with a significant interaction between smoking and alcohol use (p < 0.001). Among the heavy smokers who also drank alcoholic beverages, the hazard ratio from the fully adjusted model was 4.3 (95% CI, 2.3–8.0, p < 0.0001). In the subjects with moderate alcohol consumption, the risk of smoking and alcohol combined was similar to that found in the whole population (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5–3.9, p < 0.001). Among the subjects with heavy alcohol consumption, the hazard ratio was 3.4 (95% CI, 1.3–8.6, p = 0.011). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the detrimental cardiovascular effects of smoking can be worsened by concomitant alcohol use. This synergistic effect occurs not only for heavy alcohol consumption but also for moderate use. Smokers should be aware of the increased risk associated with concomitant alcohol consumption. MDPI 2023-04-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10142645/ /pubmed/37109129 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082792 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Palatini, Paolo Mos, Lucio Saladini, Francesca Vriz, Olga Fania, Claudio Ermolao, Andrea Battista, Francesca Canevari, Mattia Rattazzi, Marcello Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension |
title | Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension |
title_full | Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension |
title_fullStr | Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension |
title_full_unstemmed | Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension |
title_short | Both Moderate and Heavy Alcohol Use Amplify the Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking in Young Patients with Hypertension |
title_sort | both moderate and heavy alcohol use amplify the adverse cardiovascular effects of smoking in young patients with hypertension |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10142645/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37109129 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082792 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT palatinipaolo bothmoderateandheavyalcoholuseamplifytheadversecardiovasculareffectsofsmokinginyoungpatientswithhypertension AT moslucio bothmoderateandheavyalcoholuseamplifytheadversecardiovasculareffectsofsmokinginyoungpatientswithhypertension AT saladinifrancesca bothmoderateandheavyalcoholuseamplifytheadversecardiovasculareffectsofsmokinginyoungpatientswithhypertension AT vrizolga bothmoderateandheavyalcoholuseamplifytheadversecardiovasculareffectsofsmokinginyoungpatientswithhypertension AT faniaclaudio bothmoderateandheavyalcoholuseamplifytheadversecardiovasculareffectsofsmokinginyoungpatientswithhypertension AT ermolaoandrea bothmoderateandheavyalcoholuseamplifytheadversecardiovasculareffectsofsmokinginyoungpatientswithhypertension AT battistafrancesca bothmoderateandheavyalcoholuseamplifytheadversecardiovasculareffectsofsmokinginyoungpatientswithhypertension AT canevarimattia bothmoderateandheavyalcoholuseamplifytheadversecardiovasculareffectsofsmokinginyoungpatientswithhypertension AT rattazzimarcello bothmoderateandheavyalcoholuseamplifytheadversecardiovasculareffectsofsmokinginyoungpatientswithhypertension |