Extensive spinal epidural abscess after nerve root injection in a young non-immunocompromised Patient. Case Report and Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: Epidural injections are frequent and safe procedures. Severe complications are infrequent, and they have been reported in elderly comorbid patients with predisposing factors. The objectives of this work are to present a case of an extensive epidural lumbar abscess in a young non-comorbid male patient after a therapeutic L5-S1 injection and a literature review about this subject. CASE PRESENTATION: An otherwise healthy 24-year-old man who present a case of an extensive epidural lumbar abscess after a therapeutic nerve root block due to a disc herniation. After 7 days of fever and low back pain, he required two surgical interventions and intravenous antibiotic therapy. We reviewed 18 patients with epidural abscess consequence of spinal injections. Their mean age was 54.5 y.o, 66.5% were male, and 66.5% had at least one predisposing risk factor. Symptoms Onset occurred at 8 days on average after the procedure, but the correct diagnosis was made at the 25th-day average. Only 22% presented the classic diagnostic triad, the most frequently isolated germ was Staphylococcus Aureus (66%) and 89% were treated surgically with a 33% rate of complete recovery, 17% mortality and 28% remained with neurological sequelae. CONCLUSION: Epidural abscesses are infrequent and serious, complication after spinal diagnostic and therapeutic injections, even in young patients without comorbidities. We consider it fundamental to maintain a diagnostic suspicion, even in this subgroup of patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V