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First Case Reports of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Lung Disease in Ecuador: Important Lessons to Learn

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung infections are often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, which can lead to ineffective antibiotic treatments. In this report, we present three cases of NTM lung infections in Ecuador that were initially diagnosed and treated as tuberculosis based on the results of sp...

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Autores principales: Echeverria, Gustavo, Rueda, Veronica, Espinoza, Wilson, Rosero, Carlos, Zumárraga, Martín J., de Waard, Jacobus H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10142742/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37111393
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040507
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author Echeverria, Gustavo
Rueda, Veronica
Espinoza, Wilson
Rosero, Carlos
Zumárraga, Martín J.
de Waard, Jacobus H.
author_facet Echeverria, Gustavo
Rueda, Veronica
Espinoza, Wilson
Rosero, Carlos
Zumárraga, Martín J.
de Waard, Jacobus H.
author_sort Echeverria, Gustavo
collection PubMed
description Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung infections are often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, which can lead to ineffective antibiotic treatments. In this report, we present three cases of NTM lung infections in Ecuador that were initially diagnosed and treated as tuberculosis based on the results of sputum smear microscopy. The patients, all male, included two immunocompetent individuals and one HIV-positive subject. Unfortunately, sputum culture was not initiated until late in the course of the disease and the cause of the lung infection, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), was only identified after the patients had either passed away or were lost to follow-up. These cases are the first documented cases of NTM lung infections in the English medical literature from Ecuador. We emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis of NTM infections by culture and identification to species level. Sputum smear staining alone cannot differentiate between mycobacterial species, which can lead to misidentification and ineffective treatments. Additionally, reporting NTM pulmonary disease as a notifiable disease to national TB control programs is recommended to obtain accurate prevalence data. These data are critical in determining the importance of this public health problem and the necessary actions needed to address it.
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spelling pubmed-101427422023-04-29 First Case Reports of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Lung Disease in Ecuador: Important Lessons to Learn Echeverria, Gustavo Rueda, Veronica Espinoza, Wilson Rosero, Carlos Zumárraga, Martín J. de Waard, Jacobus H. Pathogens Case Report Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung infections are often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, which can lead to ineffective antibiotic treatments. In this report, we present three cases of NTM lung infections in Ecuador that were initially diagnosed and treated as tuberculosis based on the results of sputum smear microscopy. The patients, all male, included two immunocompetent individuals and one HIV-positive subject. Unfortunately, sputum culture was not initiated until late in the course of the disease and the cause of the lung infection, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), was only identified after the patients had either passed away or were lost to follow-up. These cases are the first documented cases of NTM lung infections in the English medical literature from Ecuador. We emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis of NTM infections by culture and identification to species level. Sputum smear staining alone cannot differentiate between mycobacterial species, which can lead to misidentification and ineffective treatments. Additionally, reporting NTM pulmonary disease as a notifiable disease to national TB control programs is recommended to obtain accurate prevalence data. These data are critical in determining the importance of this public health problem and the necessary actions needed to address it. MDPI 2023-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10142742/ /pubmed/37111393 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040507 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Case Report
Echeverria, Gustavo
Rueda, Veronica
Espinoza, Wilson
Rosero, Carlos
Zumárraga, Martín J.
de Waard, Jacobus H.
First Case Reports of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Lung Disease in Ecuador: Important Lessons to Learn
title First Case Reports of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Lung Disease in Ecuador: Important Lessons to Learn
title_full First Case Reports of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Lung Disease in Ecuador: Important Lessons to Learn
title_fullStr First Case Reports of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Lung Disease in Ecuador: Important Lessons to Learn
title_full_unstemmed First Case Reports of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Lung Disease in Ecuador: Important Lessons to Learn
title_short First Case Reports of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Lung Disease in Ecuador: Important Lessons to Learn
title_sort first case reports of nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) lung disease in ecuador: important lessons to learn
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10142742/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37111393
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040507
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