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Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity
The immune system protects the body from infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Once encountered with pathogens or antigens, the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system trigger a strong immune response to eliminate them from the system and protect the body. Thus, well-balanced...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10143734/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37111285 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16040528 |
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author | Gasmi, Amin Shanaida, Mariia Oleshchuk, Oleksandra Semenova, Yuliya Mujawdiya, Pavan Kumar Ivankiv, Yana Pokryshko, Olena Noor, Sadaf Piscopo, Salva Adamiv, Stepan Bjørklund, Geir |
author_facet | Gasmi, Amin Shanaida, Mariia Oleshchuk, Oleksandra Semenova, Yuliya Mujawdiya, Pavan Kumar Ivankiv, Yana Pokryshko, Olena Noor, Sadaf Piscopo, Salva Adamiv, Stepan Bjørklund, Geir |
author_sort | Gasmi, Amin |
collection | PubMed |
description | The immune system protects the body from infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Once encountered with pathogens or antigens, the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system trigger a strong immune response to eliminate them from the system and protect the body. Thus, well-balanced immunity is pivotal for maintaining human health, as an insufficient level of immune defense leads to infections and tumors. In contrast, the excessive functioning of the immune system causes the development of autoimmune diseases and allergies. Strong immunity requires adequate nutrition, dietary interventions, and sufficient intake of certain vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin D, and folic acid) and minerals (magnesium, zinc, and selenium). Therefore, nutritional and micronutrient deficiencies lead to compromised immunity. Several natural ingredients have shown potent immunomodulatory properties. The immune-enhancing properties of many plants and fungi are due to containing bioactive phytoconstituents such as polyphenols, terpenoids, β-glucans, vitamins, etc. Probiotics and prebiotics can be used as innovative tools to reduce intestinal inflammation and downregulate hypersensitivity reactions. Plant sources of melatonin, a multifunctional molecule with proven anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, have been discovered relatively recently. The bioactive compounds augment the immune response by directly increasing the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Many phytoconstituents prevent cell damage due to their powerful antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present review attempts to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune-enhancing properties of some bioactive compounds from plants, fungi, animals, microorganisms, and other natural sources. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10143734 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101437342023-04-29 Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity Gasmi, Amin Shanaida, Mariia Oleshchuk, Oleksandra Semenova, Yuliya Mujawdiya, Pavan Kumar Ivankiv, Yana Pokryshko, Olena Noor, Sadaf Piscopo, Salva Adamiv, Stepan Bjørklund, Geir Pharmaceuticals (Basel) Review The immune system protects the body from infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Once encountered with pathogens or antigens, the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system trigger a strong immune response to eliminate them from the system and protect the body. Thus, well-balanced immunity is pivotal for maintaining human health, as an insufficient level of immune defense leads to infections and tumors. In contrast, the excessive functioning of the immune system causes the development of autoimmune diseases and allergies. Strong immunity requires adequate nutrition, dietary interventions, and sufficient intake of certain vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin D, and folic acid) and minerals (magnesium, zinc, and selenium). Therefore, nutritional and micronutrient deficiencies lead to compromised immunity. Several natural ingredients have shown potent immunomodulatory properties. The immune-enhancing properties of many plants and fungi are due to containing bioactive phytoconstituents such as polyphenols, terpenoids, β-glucans, vitamins, etc. Probiotics and prebiotics can be used as innovative tools to reduce intestinal inflammation and downregulate hypersensitivity reactions. Plant sources of melatonin, a multifunctional molecule with proven anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, have been discovered relatively recently. The bioactive compounds augment the immune response by directly increasing the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Many phytoconstituents prevent cell damage due to their powerful antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present review attempts to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune-enhancing properties of some bioactive compounds from plants, fungi, animals, microorganisms, and other natural sources. MDPI 2023-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10143734/ /pubmed/37111285 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16040528 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Gasmi, Amin Shanaida, Mariia Oleshchuk, Oleksandra Semenova, Yuliya Mujawdiya, Pavan Kumar Ivankiv, Yana Pokryshko, Olena Noor, Sadaf Piscopo, Salva Adamiv, Stepan Bjørklund, Geir Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity |
title | Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity |
title_full | Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity |
title_fullStr | Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity |
title_full_unstemmed | Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity |
title_short | Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity |
title_sort | natural ingredients to improve immunity |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10143734/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37111285 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16040528 |
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