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The Effect of a Planetary Health Diet on the Human Gut Microbiome: A Descriptive Analysis

In 2019, researchers from the EAT-Lancet Commission developed the ‘Planetary Health (PH) diet’. Specifically, they provided recommendations pertaining to healthy diets derived from sustainable food systems. Thus far, it has not been analysed how such a diet affects the human intestinal microbiome, w...

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Autores principales: Rehner, Jacqueline, Schmartz, Georges P., Kramer, Tabea, Keller, Verena, Keller, Andreas, Becker, Sören L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10144214/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37111144
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15081924
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author Rehner, Jacqueline
Schmartz, Georges P.
Kramer, Tabea
Keller, Verena
Keller, Andreas
Becker, Sören L.
author_facet Rehner, Jacqueline
Schmartz, Georges P.
Kramer, Tabea
Keller, Verena
Keller, Andreas
Becker, Sören L.
author_sort Rehner, Jacqueline
collection PubMed
description In 2019, researchers from the EAT-Lancet Commission developed the ‘Planetary Health (PH) diet’. Specifically, they provided recommendations pertaining to healthy diets derived from sustainable food systems. Thus far, it has not been analysed how such a diet affects the human intestinal microbiome, which is important for health and disease development. Here, we present longitudinal genome-wide metagenomic sequencing and mass spectrometry data on the gut microbiome of healthy volunteers adhering to the PH diet, as opposed to vegetarian or vegan (VV) and omnivorous (OV) diets. We obtained basic epidemiological information from 41 healthy volunteers and collected stool samples at inclusion and after 2, 4, and 12 weeks. Individuals opting to follow the PH diet received detailed instructions and recipes, whereas individuals in the control groups followed their habitual dietary pattern. Whole-genome DNA was extracted from stool specimens and subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing (~3 GB per patient). Conventional bacterial stool cultures were performed in parallel and bacterial species were identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. We analysed samples from 16 PH, 16 OV, and 9 VV diet patterns. The α-diversity remained relatively stable for all dietary groups. In the PH group, we observed a constant increase from 3.79% at inclusion to 4.9% after 12 weeks in relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Differential PH abundance analysis highlighted a non-significant increase in possible probiotics such as Paraprevotella xylaniphila and Bacteroides clarus. The highest abundance of these bacteria was observed in the VV group. Dietary modifications are associated with rapid alterations to the human gut microbiome, and the PH diet led to a slight increase in probiotic-associated bacteria at ≥4 weeks. Additional research is required to confirm these findings.
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spelling pubmed-101442142023-04-29 The Effect of a Planetary Health Diet on the Human Gut Microbiome: A Descriptive Analysis Rehner, Jacqueline Schmartz, Georges P. Kramer, Tabea Keller, Verena Keller, Andreas Becker, Sören L. Nutrients Article In 2019, researchers from the EAT-Lancet Commission developed the ‘Planetary Health (PH) diet’. Specifically, they provided recommendations pertaining to healthy diets derived from sustainable food systems. Thus far, it has not been analysed how such a diet affects the human intestinal microbiome, which is important for health and disease development. Here, we present longitudinal genome-wide metagenomic sequencing and mass spectrometry data on the gut microbiome of healthy volunteers adhering to the PH diet, as opposed to vegetarian or vegan (VV) and omnivorous (OV) diets. We obtained basic epidemiological information from 41 healthy volunteers and collected stool samples at inclusion and after 2, 4, and 12 weeks. Individuals opting to follow the PH diet received detailed instructions and recipes, whereas individuals in the control groups followed their habitual dietary pattern. Whole-genome DNA was extracted from stool specimens and subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing (~3 GB per patient). Conventional bacterial stool cultures were performed in parallel and bacterial species were identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. We analysed samples from 16 PH, 16 OV, and 9 VV diet patterns. The α-diversity remained relatively stable for all dietary groups. In the PH group, we observed a constant increase from 3.79% at inclusion to 4.9% after 12 weeks in relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Differential PH abundance analysis highlighted a non-significant increase in possible probiotics such as Paraprevotella xylaniphila and Bacteroides clarus. The highest abundance of these bacteria was observed in the VV group. Dietary modifications are associated with rapid alterations to the human gut microbiome, and the PH diet led to a slight increase in probiotic-associated bacteria at ≥4 weeks. Additional research is required to confirm these findings. MDPI 2023-04-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10144214/ /pubmed/37111144 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15081924 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Rehner, Jacqueline
Schmartz, Georges P.
Kramer, Tabea
Keller, Verena
Keller, Andreas
Becker, Sören L.
The Effect of a Planetary Health Diet on the Human Gut Microbiome: A Descriptive Analysis
title The Effect of a Planetary Health Diet on the Human Gut Microbiome: A Descriptive Analysis
title_full The Effect of a Planetary Health Diet on the Human Gut Microbiome: A Descriptive Analysis
title_fullStr The Effect of a Planetary Health Diet on the Human Gut Microbiome: A Descriptive Analysis
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of a Planetary Health Diet on the Human Gut Microbiome: A Descriptive Analysis
title_short The Effect of a Planetary Health Diet on the Human Gut Microbiome: A Descriptive Analysis
title_sort effect of a planetary health diet on the human gut microbiome: a descriptive analysis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10144214/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37111144
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15081924
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