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The Involvement of Ubiquitination and SUMOylation in Retroviruses Infection and Latency

Retroviruses, especially the pathogenic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), have severely threatened human health for decades. Retroviruses can form stable latent reservoirs via retroviral DNA integration into the host genome, and then be temporarily transcriptional silencing in infected ce...

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Autores principales: Liang, Taizhen, Li, Guojie, Lu, Yunfei, Hu, Meilin, Ma, Xiancai
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10144533/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37112965
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15040985
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author Liang, Taizhen
Li, Guojie
Lu, Yunfei
Hu, Meilin
Ma, Xiancai
author_facet Liang, Taizhen
Li, Guojie
Lu, Yunfei
Hu, Meilin
Ma, Xiancai
author_sort Liang, Taizhen
collection PubMed
description Retroviruses, especially the pathogenic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), have severely threatened human health for decades. Retroviruses can form stable latent reservoirs via retroviral DNA integration into the host genome, and then be temporarily transcriptional silencing in infected cells, which makes retroviral infection incurable. Although many cellular restriction factors interfere with various steps of the life cycle of retroviruses and the formation of viral latency, viruses can utilize viral proteins or hijack cellular factors to evade intracellular immunity. Many post-translational modifications play key roles in the cross-talking between the cellular and viral proteins, which has greatly determined the fate of retroviral infection. Here, we reviewed recent advances in the regulation of ubiquitination and SUMOylation in the infection and latency of retroviruses, focusing on both host defense- and virus counterattack-related ubiquitination and SUMOylation system. We also summarized the development of ubiquitination- and SUMOylation-targeted anti-retroviral drugs and discussed their therapeutic potential. Manipulating ubiquitination or SUMOylation pathways by targeted drugs could be a promising strategy to achieve a “sterilizing cure” or “functional cure” of retroviral infection.
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spelling pubmed-101445332023-04-29 The Involvement of Ubiquitination and SUMOylation in Retroviruses Infection and Latency Liang, Taizhen Li, Guojie Lu, Yunfei Hu, Meilin Ma, Xiancai Viruses Review Retroviruses, especially the pathogenic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), have severely threatened human health for decades. Retroviruses can form stable latent reservoirs via retroviral DNA integration into the host genome, and then be temporarily transcriptional silencing in infected cells, which makes retroviral infection incurable. Although many cellular restriction factors interfere with various steps of the life cycle of retroviruses and the formation of viral latency, viruses can utilize viral proteins or hijack cellular factors to evade intracellular immunity. Many post-translational modifications play key roles in the cross-talking between the cellular and viral proteins, which has greatly determined the fate of retroviral infection. Here, we reviewed recent advances in the regulation of ubiquitination and SUMOylation in the infection and latency of retroviruses, focusing on both host defense- and virus counterattack-related ubiquitination and SUMOylation system. We also summarized the development of ubiquitination- and SUMOylation-targeted anti-retroviral drugs and discussed their therapeutic potential. Manipulating ubiquitination or SUMOylation pathways by targeted drugs could be a promising strategy to achieve a “sterilizing cure” or “functional cure” of retroviral infection. MDPI 2023-04-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10144533/ /pubmed/37112965 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15040985 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Liang, Taizhen
Li, Guojie
Lu, Yunfei
Hu, Meilin
Ma, Xiancai
The Involvement of Ubiquitination and SUMOylation in Retroviruses Infection and Latency
title The Involvement of Ubiquitination and SUMOylation in Retroviruses Infection and Latency
title_full The Involvement of Ubiquitination and SUMOylation in Retroviruses Infection and Latency
title_fullStr The Involvement of Ubiquitination and SUMOylation in Retroviruses Infection and Latency
title_full_unstemmed The Involvement of Ubiquitination and SUMOylation in Retroviruses Infection and Latency
title_short The Involvement of Ubiquitination and SUMOylation in Retroviruses Infection and Latency
title_sort involvement of ubiquitination and sumoylation in retroviruses infection and latency
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10144533/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37112965
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15040985
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