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SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection and Severity of the Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Since the discovery of SARS-CoV-2, changes in genotype and reinfection with different variants have been observed in COVID-19-recovered patients, raising questions around the clinical pattern and severity of primary infection and reinfection. In this systematic review, we summarize the results of 23...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10145185/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37112949 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15040967 |
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author | Nguyen, Nhu Ngoc Nguyen, Y Ngoc Hoang, Van Thuan Million, Matthieu Gautret, Philippe |
author_facet | Nguyen, Nhu Ngoc Nguyen, Y Ngoc Hoang, Van Thuan Million, Matthieu Gautret, Philippe |
author_sort | Nguyen, Nhu Ngoc |
collection | PubMed |
description | Since the discovery of SARS-CoV-2, changes in genotype and reinfection with different variants have been observed in COVID-19-recovered patients, raising questions around the clinical pattern and severity of primary infection and reinfection. In this systematic review, we summarize the results of 23 studies addressing SARS-CoV-2 reinfections. A total of 23,231 reinfected patients were included, with pooled estimated reinfection rates ranging from 0.1 to 6.8%. Reinfections were more prevalent during the Omicron variant period. The mean age of reinfected patients was 38.0 ± 6. years and females were predominant among reinfected patients (M/F = 0.8). The most common symptoms during the first and second infection were fever (41.1%), cough (35.7% and 44.6%), myalgia (34.5% and 33.3%), fatigue (23.8% and 25.6%), and headaches (24.4% and 21.4%). No significant differences of clinical pattern were observed between primary infection and reinfection. No significant differences in the severity of infection were observed between primary infection and reinfection. Being female, being a patient with comorbidities, lacking anti-nucleocapsid IgG after the first infection, being infected during the Delta and Omicron wave, and being unvaccinated were associated with a higher risk of reinfection. Conflicting age-related findings were found in two studies. Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 suggests that natural immunity is not long-lasting in COVID-19 patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10145185 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101451852023-04-29 SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection and Severity of the Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Nguyen, Nhu Ngoc Nguyen, Y Ngoc Hoang, Van Thuan Million, Matthieu Gautret, Philippe Viruses Review Since the discovery of SARS-CoV-2, changes in genotype and reinfection with different variants have been observed in COVID-19-recovered patients, raising questions around the clinical pattern and severity of primary infection and reinfection. In this systematic review, we summarize the results of 23 studies addressing SARS-CoV-2 reinfections. A total of 23,231 reinfected patients were included, with pooled estimated reinfection rates ranging from 0.1 to 6.8%. Reinfections were more prevalent during the Omicron variant period. The mean age of reinfected patients was 38.0 ± 6. years and females were predominant among reinfected patients (M/F = 0.8). The most common symptoms during the first and second infection were fever (41.1%), cough (35.7% and 44.6%), myalgia (34.5% and 33.3%), fatigue (23.8% and 25.6%), and headaches (24.4% and 21.4%). No significant differences of clinical pattern were observed between primary infection and reinfection. No significant differences in the severity of infection were observed between primary infection and reinfection. Being female, being a patient with comorbidities, lacking anti-nucleocapsid IgG after the first infection, being infected during the Delta and Omicron wave, and being unvaccinated were associated with a higher risk of reinfection. Conflicting age-related findings were found in two studies. Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 suggests that natural immunity is not long-lasting in COVID-19 patients. MDPI 2023-04-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10145185/ /pubmed/37112949 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15040967 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Nguyen, Nhu Ngoc Nguyen, Y Ngoc Hoang, Van Thuan Million, Matthieu Gautret, Philippe SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection and Severity of the Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title | SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection and Severity of the Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_full | SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection and Severity of the Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_fullStr | SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection and Severity of the Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection and Severity of the Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_short | SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection and Severity of the Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_sort | sars-cov-2 reinfection and severity of the disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10145185/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37112949 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15040967 |
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