Intense Pulsed Light Therapy in the Treatment of Dry Eye Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Intense pulsed light therapy (IPL) is a recently developed way of treating dry eye disease (DED). During the last decade, there was a multiplication of trials studying IPL efficacy. The goal of this review is to summarize the most important and significant results of these trials estimating effect sizes. Methods: The PubMed and sciencedirect databases were searched using a PICO model-based approach. Randomized controlled trials including at least 20 patients with DED and no other eye condition, with a control group and break-up time or symptom scores data available for extraction were included in this review. Statistical analysis evaluated the tear break-up time (TBUT), non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and standard patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED). Three comparisons were carried on for each outcome: longest follow-up values vs. baseline in the treatment group, longest follow-up values in the treatment group vs. control group, and changes from baseline in the treatment group vs. control group. A subgroup analysis was carried on. Results: Eleven randomized controlled trials, published between 2015 and 2021 were included in this systematic review with 759 patients in total. The longest follow-up values vs. baseline in the treatment group analyses were significantly in favor of IPL for all the parameters studied for instance: NIBUT (effect size (ES), 2.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), (1.43; 2.62)), TBUT (ES, 1.83; 95% CI, (0.96; 2.69)), OSDI (ES, −1.38; 95% CI, (−2.12; −0.64)) and SPEED (ES, −1.15; 95% CI, (−1.72; −0.57)). The longest follow-up values in the treatment group vs. control group analyses, and, the change from baseline in the treatment group vs. control group analyses, were both significantly in favor of IPL for NIBUT, TBUT, and SPEED but not for OSDI. Conclusions: IPL seems to have a positive effect on tear stability evaluated by the break-up times. However, the effect on DED symptoms is less clear. Some confounding factors such as the age and the IPL device used influence the results indicating that the ideal settings still need to be found and personalized for the patient.