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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Farmed Ruminants

Swine are widely recognized as the main reservoir of zoonotic HEV; however, a growing body of data on the HEV prevalence in farmed ruminants of different species also points to a potential route for HEV transmission through ruminants and ruminant products and by-products. Definite information on the...

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Autores principales: Santos-Silva, Sérgio, López-López, Pedro, Gonçalves, Helena M. R., Rivero-Juarez, António, Van der Poel, Wim H. M., Nascimento, Maria São José, Mesquita, João R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10146180/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37111437
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040550
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author Santos-Silva, Sérgio
López-López, Pedro
Gonçalves, Helena M. R.
Rivero-Juarez, António
Van der Poel, Wim H. M.
Nascimento, Maria São José
Mesquita, João R.
author_facet Santos-Silva, Sérgio
López-López, Pedro
Gonçalves, Helena M. R.
Rivero-Juarez, António
Van der Poel, Wim H. M.
Nascimento, Maria São José
Mesquita, João R.
author_sort Santos-Silva, Sérgio
collection PubMed
description Swine are widely recognized as the main reservoir of zoonotic HEV; however, a growing body of data on the HEV prevalence in farmed ruminants of different species also points to a potential route for HEV transmission through ruminants and ruminant products and by-products. Definite information on the zoonotic potential of ruminants is still absent or unclear, compelling the necessity for increasing knowledge on this. The aim of the current study was to analyze the state-of-the-art in this research topic and provide a summary of HEV detection and characterization in farmed ruminants. A total of 1567 papers were retrieved from four search databases that resulted in 35 eligible papers after application of exclusion/inclusion criteria. Studies on HEV in farmed ruminants were mainly based on the detection of HEV RNA and were reported in Africa (n = 1), America (n = 3), Asia (n = 18) and Europe (n = 13), and focused on a variety of ruminants species, namely cow, goat, sheep, deer, buffalo and yak. The overall pooled prevalence of HEV was 0.02% (0.01–0.03, 95% CI). The subgroup pooled prevalence of HEV RNA was 0.01% (0.00–0.02, 95% CI) in cow milk, stool, serum, liver, intestinal, bile, blood, spleen and rectal swab samples; 0.09% (0.02–0.18, 95% CI) in goat serum, bile, stool, milk, liver, rectal swab and blood samples; 0.01% (0.00–0.04, 95% CI) in sheep stool, serum, milk, blood and liver samples. Most of the HEV genotypes found in farmed ruminants belonged to the zoonotic HEV-3 (subtypes 3a, 3c) and HEV-4 (subtype 4d, 4h), with Rocahepevirus also found. The wide HEV circulation observed in different farmed ruminants raises concerns for the possibility of HEV transmission through products from infected ruminants and alerts for the potential zoonotic route for HEV in ruminant products, such as meat and dairy products. Also, contact exposure to infected farmed animals could be a risk factor. Further research should be conducted in order to understand the circulation of HEV in these animals and its zoonotic potential, as there is currently a lack of data on this topic.
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spelling pubmed-101461802023-04-29 A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Farmed Ruminants Santos-Silva, Sérgio López-López, Pedro Gonçalves, Helena M. R. Rivero-Juarez, António Van der Poel, Wim H. M. Nascimento, Maria São José Mesquita, João R. Pathogens Systematic Review Swine are widely recognized as the main reservoir of zoonotic HEV; however, a growing body of data on the HEV prevalence in farmed ruminants of different species also points to a potential route for HEV transmission through ruminants and ruminant products and by-products. Definite information on the zoonotic potential of ruminants is still absent or unclear, compelling the necessity for increasing knowledge on this. The aim of the current study was to analyze the state-of-the-art in this research topic and provide a summary of HEV detection and characterization in farmed ruminants. A total of 1567 papers were retrieved from four search databases that resulted in 35 eligible papers after application of exclusion/inclusion criteria. Studies on HEV in farmed ruminants were mainly based on the detection of HEV RNA and were reported in Africa (n = 1), America (n = 3), Asia (n = 18) and Europe (n = 13), and focused on a variety of ruminants species, namely cow, goat, sheep, deer, buffalo and yak. The overall pooled prevalence of HEV was 0.02% (0.01–0.03, 95% CI). The subgroup pooled prevalence of HEV RNA was 0.01% (0.00–0.02, 95% CI) in cow milk, stool, serum, liver, intestinal, bile, blood, spleen and rectal swab samples; 0.09% (0.02–0.18, 95% CI) in goat serum, bile, stool, milk, liver, rectal swab and blood samples; 0.01% (0.00–0.04, 95% CI) in sheep stool, serum, milk, blood and liver samples. Most of the HEV genotypes found in farmed ruminants belonged to the zoonotic HEV-3 (subtypes 3a, 3c) and HEV-4 (subtype 4d, 4h), with Rocahepevirus also found. The wide HEV circulation observed in different farmed ruminants raises concerns for the possibility of HEV transmission through products from infected ruminants and alerts for the potential zoonotic route for HEV in ruminant products, such as meat and dairy products. Also, contact exposure to infected farmed animals could be a risk factor. Further research should be conducted in order to understand the circulation of HEV in these animals and its zoonotic potential, as there is currently a lack of data on this topic. MDPI 2023-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10146180/ /pubmed/37111437 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040550 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Systematic Review
Santos-Silva, Sérgio
López-López, Pedro
Gonçalves, Helena M. R.
Rivero-Juarez, António
Van der Poel, Wim H. M.
Nascimento, Maria São José
Mesquita, João R.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Farmed Ruminants
title A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Farmed Ruminants
title_full A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Farmed Ruminants
title_fullStr A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Farmed Ruminants
title_full_unstemmed A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Farmed Ruminants
title_short A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Farmed Ruminants
title_sort systematic review and meta-analysis on hepatitis e virus detection in farmed ruminants
topic Systematic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10146180/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37111437
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040550
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