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Effective Methods of Estimation of Pathogen Prevalence in Pooled Ticks
Since tick-borne diseases (TBDs) incidence, both in human and animal populations, is increasing worldwide, there is the need to assess the presence, distribution and prevalence of tick-borne pathogens. Reliable estimates on tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) prevalence represent the public health foundatio...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10146257/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37111443 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040557 |
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author | Fracasso, Gerardo Grillini, Marika Grassi, Laura Gradoni, Francesco da Rold, Graziana Bertola, Michela |
author_facet | Fracasso, Gerardo Grillini, Marika Grassi, Laura Gradoni, Francesco da Rold, Graziana Bertola, Michela |
author_sort | Fracasso, Gerardo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Since tick-borne diseases (TBDs) incidence, both in human and animal populations, is increasing worldwide, there is the need to assess the presence, distribution and prevalence of tick-borne pathogens. Reliable estimates on tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) prevalence represent the public health foundation to create risk maps and take effective prevention and control actions against TBDs. Tick surveillance consists of collecting and testing (usually in pools) thousands of specimens. Construction and analysis of tick pools represent a challenge due to the complexity of tick-borne pathogens and tick-borne diseases ecology. The aim of this study is to provide a practical guideline on appropriate pooling strategies and statistical analysis of infection prevalence through: (i) reporting the different pooling strategies and statistical methodologies commonly used to calculate pathogen prevalence in tick populations and (ii) practical comparison between statistical methods utilising a real dataset of infection prevalence in ticks collected in Northern Italy. Reporting detailed information on tick pool composition and size is as important as the correct TBPs prevalence estimation. Among the prevalence indexes, we suggest using maximum-likelihood estimates of pooled prevalence instead of minimum infection rate or pool positivity rate given the merits of the method and availability of software. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10146257 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101462572023-04-29 Effective Methods of Estimation of Pathogen Prevalence in Pooled Ticks Fracasso, Gerardo Grillini, Marika Grassi, Laura Gradoni, Francesco da Rold, Graziana Bertola, Michela Pathogens Article Since tick-borne diseases (TBDs) incidence, both in human and animal populations, is increasing worldwide, there is the need to assess the presence, distribution and prevalence of tick-borne pathogens. Reliable estimates on tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) prevalence represent the public health foundation to create risk maps and take effective prevention and control actions against TBDs. Tick surveillance consists of collecting and testing (usually in pools) thousands of specimens. Construction and analysis of tick pools represent a challenge due to the complexity of tick-borne pathogens and tick-borne diseases ecology. The aim of this study is to provide a practical guideline on appropriate pooling strategies and statistical analysis of infection prevalence through: (i) reporting the different pooling strategies and statistical methodologies commonly used to calculate pathogen prevalence in tick populations and (ii) practical comparison between statistical methods utilising a real dataset of infection prevalence in ticks collected in Northern Italy. Reporting detailed information on tick pool composition and size is as important as the correct TBPs prevalence estimation. Among the prevalence indexes, we suggest using maximum-likelihood estimates of pooled prevalence instead of minimum infection rate or pool positivity rate given the merits of the method and availability of software. MDPI 2023-04-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10146257/ /pubmed/37111443 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040557 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Fracasso, Gerardo Grillini, Marika Grassi, Laura Gradoni, Francesco da Rold, Graziana Bertola, Michela Effective Methods of Estimation of Pathogen Prevalence in Pooled Ticks |
title | Effective Methods of Estimation of Pathogen Prevalence in Pooled Ticks |
title_full | Effective Methods of Estimation of Pathogen Prevalence in Pooled Ticks |
title_fullStr | Effective Methods of Estimation of Pathogen Prevalence in Pooled Ticks |
title_full_unstemmed | Effective Methods of Estimation of Pathogen Prevalence in Pooled Ticks |
title_short | Effective Methods of Estimation of Pathogen Prevalence in Pooled Ticks |
title_sort | effective methods of estimation of pathogen prevalence in pooled ticks |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10146257/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37111443 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040557 |
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