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Immunomodulatory Effects of Cylindrospermopsin in Human T Cells and Monocytes
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin with an increasing occurrence, and therefore it is important to elucidate its toxicity profile. CYN has been classified as a cytotoxin, although the scientific literature has already revealed that it affects a wide range of organs and systems. However, resear...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10146592/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37104239 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15040301 |
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author | Casas-Rodríguez, Antonio Cebadero-Dominguez, Óscar Puerto, María Cameán, Ana María Jos, Angeles |
author_facet | Casas-Rodríguez, Antonio Cebadero-Dominguez, Óscar Puerto, María Cameán, Ana María Jos, Angeles |
author_sort | Casas-Rodríguez, Antonio |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin with an increasing occurrence, and therefore it is important to elucidate its toxicity profile. CYN has been classified as a cytotoxin, although the scientific literature has already revealed that it affects a wide range of organs and systems. However, research on its potential immunotoxicity is still limited. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of CYN on two human cell lines representative of the immune system: THP-1 (monocytes) and Jurkat (lymphocytes). CYN reduced cell viability, leading to mean effective concentrations (EC50 24 h) of 6.00 ± 1.04 µM and 5.20 ± 1.20 µM for THP-1 and Jurkat cells, respectively, and induced cell death mainly by apoptosis in both experimental models. Moreover, CYN decreased the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages after 48 h of exposure. In addition, an up-regulation of the mRNA expression of different cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 2, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ), was also observed mainly after 24 h exposure in both cell lines. However, only an increase in TNF-α in THP-1 supernatants was observed by ELISA. Overall, these results suggest the immunomodulatory activity of CYN in vitro. Therefore, further research is required to evaluate the impact of CYN on the human immune system. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10146592 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101465922023-04-29 Immunomodulatory Effects of Cylindrospermopsin in Human T Cells and Monocytes Casas-Rodríguez, Antonio Cebadero-Dominguez, Óscar Puerto, María Cameán, Ana María Jos, Angeles Toxins (Basel) Article Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin with an increasing occurrence, and therefore it is important to elucidate its toxicity profile. CYN has been classified as a cytotoxin, although the scientific literature has already revealed that it affects a wide range of organs and systems. However, research on its potential immunotoxicity is still limited. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of CYN on two human cell lines representative of the immune system: THP-1 (monocytes) and Jurkat (lymphocytes). CYN reduced cell viability, leading to mean effective concentrations (EC50 24 h) of 6.00 ± 1.04 µM and 5.20 ± 1.20 µM for THP-1 and Jurkat cells, respectively, and induced cell death mainly by apoptosis in both experimental models. Moreover, CYN decreased the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages after 48 h of exposure. In addition, an up-regulation of the mRNA expression of different cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 2, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ), was also observed mainly after 24 h exposure in both cell lines. However, only an increase in TNF-α in THP-1 supernatants was observed by ELISA. Overall, these results suggest the immunomodulatory activity of CYN in vitro. Therefore, further research is required to evaluate the impact of CYN on the human immune system. MDPI 2023-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10146592/ /pubmed/37104239 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15040301 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Casas-Rodríguez, Antonio Cebadero-Dominguez, Óscar Puerto, María Cameán, Ana María Jos, Angeles Immunomodulatory Effects of Cylindrospermopsin in Human T Cells and Monocytes |
title | Immunomodulatory Effects of Cylindrospermopsin in Human T Cells and Monocytes |
title_full | Immunomodulatory Effects of Cylindrospermopsin in Human T Cells and Monocytes |
title_fullStr | Immunomodulatory Effects of Cylindrospermopsin in Human T Cells and Monocytes |
title_full_unstemmed | Immunomodulatory Effects of Cylindrospermopsin in Human T Cells and Monocytes |
title_short | Immunomodulatory Effects of Cylindrospermopsin in Human T Cells and Monocytes |
title_sort | immunomodulatory effects of cylindrospermopsin in human t cells and monocytes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10146592/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37104239 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15040301 |
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