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Effect of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Blood Vitamins and Minerals: A Primary Care Setting Study

Background and objectives. Long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use is frequently encountered in primary care. Its effect on micronutrient absorption is known, as vitamin B12, calcium or vitamin D insufficiency may occur in such patients. Materials and methods. We recruited patients using a PPI (pa...

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Autores principales: Losurdo, Giuseppe, Caccavo, Natale Lino Bruno, Indellicati, Giuseppe, Celiberto, Francesca, Ierardi, Enzo, Barone, Michele, Di Leo, Alfredo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10146626/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37109245
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082910
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author Losurdo, Giuseppe
Caccavo, Natale Lino Bruno
Indellicati, Giuseppe
Celiberto, Francesca
Ierardi, Enzo
Barone, Michele
Di Leo, Alfredo
author_facet Losurdo, Giuseppe
Caccavo, Natale Lino Bruno
Indellicati, Giuseppe
Celiberto, Francesca
Ierardi, Enzo
Barone, Michele
Di Leo, Alfredo
author_sort Losurdo, Giuseppe
collection PubMed
description Background and objectives. Long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use is frequently encountered in primary care. Its effect on micronutrient absorption is known, as vitamin B12, calcium or vitamin D insufficiency may occur in such patients. Materials and methods. We recruited patients using a PPI (pantoprazole) for >12 months. The control group was represented by subjects attending the general practitioner not taking any PPI in the last 12 months. We excluded subjects using nutritional supplements or with diseases interfering with micronutrient blood levels. All subjects underwent blood sampling with full blood count, iron, ferritin, vitamin D, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphate, zinc and folate. Results. We recruited 66 subjects: 30 in the PPI group and 36 in the control group. Long-term pantoprazole users had lower red blood cell count but similar hemoglobin. We did not find any significant difference in blood iron, ferritin, vitamin B12 and folate. Vitamin D deficit was observed more frequently in the PPI group (100%) than in controls (30%, p < 0.001), with blood levels lower in pantoprazole consumers. No differences in calcium, sodium and magnesium were observed. Pantoprazole users had lower phosphate levels than controls. Finally, a non-significant trend for zinc deficiency was found in PPI users. Conclusions. Our study confirms that chronic PPI users may encounter alterations in some micronutrients involved in bone mineral homeostasis. The effect on zinc levels deserves further investigation.
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spelling pubmed-101466262023-04-29 Effect of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Blood Vitamins and Minerals: A Primary Care Setting Study Losurdo, Giuseppe Caccavo, Natale Lino Bruno Indellicati, Giuseppe Celiberto, Francesca Ierardi, Enzo Barone, Michele Di Leo, Alfredo J Clin Med Brief Report Background and objectives. Long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use is frequently encountered in primary care. Its effect on micronutrient absorption is known, as vitamin B12, calcium or vitamin D insufficiency may occur in such patients. Materials and methods. We recruited patients using a PPI (pantoprazole) for >12 months. The control group was represented by subjects attending the general practitioner not taking any PPI in the last 12 months. We excluded subjects using nutritional supplements or with diseases interfering with micronutrient blood levels. All subjects underwent blood sampling with full blood count, iron, ferritin, vitamin D, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphate, zinc and folate. Results. We recruited 66 subjects: 30 in the PPI group and 36 in the control group. Long-term pantoprazole users had lower red blood cell count but similar hemoglobin. We did not find any significant difference in blood iron, ferritin, vitamin B12 and folate. Vitamin D deficit was observed more frequently in the PPI group (100%) than in controls (30%, p < 0.001), with blood levels lower in pantoprazole consumers. No differences in calcium, sodium and magnesium were observed. Pantoprazole users had lower phosphate levels than controls. Finally, a non-significant trend for zinc deficiency was found in PPI users. Conclusions. Our study confirms that chronic PPI users may encounter alterations in some micronutrients involved in bone mineral homeostasis. The effect on zinc levels deserves further investigation. MDPI 2023-04-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10146626/ /pubmed/37109245 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082910 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Brief Report
Losurdo, Giuseppe
Caccavo, Natale Lino Bruno
Indellicati, Giuseppe
Celiberto, Francesca
Ierardi, Enzo
Barone, Michele
Di Leo, Alfredo
Effect of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Blood Vitamins and Minerals: A Primary Care Setting Study
title Effect of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Blood Vitamins and Minerals: A Primary Care Setting Study
title_full Effect of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Blood Vitamins and Minerals: A Primary Care Setting Study
title_fullStr Effect of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Blood Vitamins and Minerals: A Primary Care Setting Study
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Blood Vitamins and Minerals: A Primary Care Setting Study
title_short Effect of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Blood Vitamins and Minerals: A Primary Care Setting Study
title_sort effect of long-term proton pump inhibitor use on blood vitamins and minerals: a primary care setting study
topic Brief Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10146626/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37109245
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082910
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