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Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Who Were Hospitalized for COVID-19 in Brazil: Retrospective Cohort

Introduction: COVID-19 in Brazil has already caused, and it still causes, several impacts on health, economy, and education. The risk factors for death involved those with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which were prioritized for the vaccination of COVID-19. Objective: To investigate the clinical ch...

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Autores principales: Sardinha, Daniele Melo, Ferreira, Ana Lúcia da Silva, Guimarães, Ricardo José de Paula Souza e, Lima, Karla Valéria Batista, Lima, Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10146801/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37112773
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040861
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author Sardinha, Daniele Melo
Ferreira, Ana Lúcia da Silva
Guimarães, Ricardo José de Paula Souza e
Lima, Karla Valéria Batista
Lima, Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa
author_facet Sardinha, Daniele Melo
Ferreira, Ana Lúcia da Silva
Guimarães, Ricardo José de Paula Souza e
Lima, Karla Valéria Batista
Lima, Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa
author_sort Sardinha, Daniele Melo
collection PubMed
description Introduction: COVID-19 in Brazil has already caused, and it still causes, several impacts on health, economy, and education. The risk factors for death involved those with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which were prioritized for the vaccination of COVID-19. Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients with cardiovascular diseases hospitalized for COVID-19 in Brazil in the year 2022. Methods: A retrospective cohort was analyzed from the year 2022, with cases being hospitalized by COVID-19 being drawn from SIVEP-GRIPE surveillance. We compared clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes between CVD carriers and non-carriers, and we also compared vaccinated with two doses vs. those that are unvaccinated in CVD carriers. We performed chi-square, odds ratio, logistic regression, and survival analysis. Results: We included, in the cohort, 112,459 hospital inpatients. An amount of 71,661 (63.72%) of the hospitalized patients had CVD. Regarding deaths, 37,888 (33.69%) died. Regarding vaccination against COVID-19, 20,855 (18.54%) people were not vaccinated with any dose among those with CVD. Death p- < 0.001 (OR 1.307-CI 1.235–1.383) and fever p- < 0.001 (OR 1.156-CI 1.098–1.218) were associated with the unvaccinated CVD carriers, and diarrhea p-0.015 (OR 1.116-CI 1.022–1.218), dyspnea p-0.022 (OR 1.074-CI 1.011–1.142), and respiratory distress p-0.021 (OR 1.070-CI 1.011–1.134) were also recorded. Those patients who possessed predictors of death, including invasive ventilation (p- < 0.001 (OR 8.816-CI 8.313–9.350)), were admitted to the ICU p- < 0.001 (OR 1.754-CI 1.684–1.827), and some had respiratory distress p- < 0.001 (OR 1.367-CI 1.312–1.423), dyspnea p < 0.001 (OR 1.341-CI 1.284–1.400), O(2) saturation < 95% p- < 0. 001 (OR 1.307-CI 1.254–1.363), they were unvaccinated against COVID-19 p- < 0.001 (OR 1.258-CI 1.200–1.319), they were of male sex p- < 0.001 (OR 1.179-CI 1.138–1.221), they had diarrhea p-0.018 (OR 1.081-CI 1.013–1.154), and they may have been old p < 0.001 (OR 1.034-CI 1.033–1.035). Survival was shorter for the unvaccinated p-0.003, and p- <0.001. Conclusions: We highlight the predictors of death for those unvaccinated against COVID-19 in this research, and we evidenced the benefits of the COVID-19 vaccine in reducing deaths in hospitalized CVD patients.
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spelling pubmed-101468012023-04-29 Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Who Were Hospitalized for COVID-19 in Brazil: Retrospective Cohort Sardinha, Daniele Melo Ferreira, Ana Lúcia da Silva Guimarães, Ricardo José de Paula Souza e Lima, Karla Valéria Batista Lima, Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Vaccines (Basel) Article Introduction: COVID-19 in Brazil has already caused, and it still causes, several impacts on health, economy, and education. The risk factors for death involved those with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which were prioritized for the vaccination of COVID-19. Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients with cardiovascular diseases hospitalized for COVID-19 in Brazil in the year 2022. Methods: A retrospective cohort was analyzed from the year 2022, with cases being hospitalized by COVID-19 being drawn from SIVEP-GRIPE surveillance. We compared clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes between CVD carriers and non-carriers, and we also compared vaccinated with two doses vs. those that are unvaccinated in CVD carriers. We performed chi-square, odds ratio, logistic regression, and survival analysis. Results: We included, in the cohort, 112,459 hospital inpatients. An amount of 71,661 (63.72%) of the hospitalized patients had CVD. Regarding deaths, 37,888 (33.69%) died. Regarding vaccination against COVID-19, 20,855 (18.54%) people were not vaccinated with any dose among those with CVD. Death p- < 0.001 (OR 1.307-CI 1.235–1.383) and fever p- < 0.001 (OR 1.156-CI 1.098–1.218) were associated with the unvaccinated CVD carriers, and diarrhea p-0.015 (OR 1.116-CI 1.022–1.218), dyspnea p-0.022 (OR 1.074-CI 1.011–1.142), and respiratory distress p-0.021 (OR 1.070-CI 1.011–1.134) were also recorded. Those patients who possessed predictors of death, including invasive ventilation (p- < 0.001 (OR 8.816-CI 8.313–9.350)), were admitted to the ICU p- < 0.001 (OR 1.754-CI 1.684–1.827), and some had respiratory distress p- < 0.001 (OR 1.367-CI 1.312–1.423), dyspnea p < 0.001 (OR 1.341-CI 1.284–1.400), O(2) saturation < 95% p- < 0. 001 (OR 1.307-CI 1.254–1.363), they were unvaccinated against COVID-19 p- < 0.001 (OR 1.258-CI 1.200–1.319), they were of male sex p- < 0.001 (OR 1.179-CI 1.138–1.221), they had diarrhea p-0.018 (OR 1.081-CI 1.013–1.154), and they may have been old p < 0.001 (OR 1.034-CI 1.033–1.035). Survival was shorter for the unvaccinated p-0.003, and p- <0.001. Conclusions: We highlight the predictors of death for those unvaccinated against COVID-19 in this research, and we evidenced the benefits of the COVID-19 vaccine in reducing deaths in hospitalized CVD patients. MDPI 2023-04-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10146801/ /pubmed/37112773 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040861 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sardinha, Daniele Melo
Ferreira, Ana Lúcia da Silva
Guimarães, Ricardo José de Paula Souza e
Lima, Karla Valéria Batista
Lima, Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Who Were Hospitalized for COVID-19 in Brazil: Retrospective Cohort
title Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Who Were Hospitalized for COVID-19 in Brazil: Retrospective Cohort
title_full Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Who Were Hospitalized for COVID-19 in Brazil: Retrospective Cohort
title_fullStr Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Who Were Hospitalized for COVID-19 in Brazil: Retrospective Cohort
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Who Were Hospitalized for COVID-19 in Brazil: Retrospective Cohort
title_short Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Who Were Hospitalized for COVID-19 in Brazil: Retrospective Cohort
title_sort clinical characteristics and outcomes among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients with cardiovascular disease who were hospitalized for covid-19 in brazil: retrospective cohort
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10146801/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37112773
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040861
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