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Reconsidering the environmental Kuznets curve, pollution haven, and pollution halo hypotheses with carbon efficiency in China: A dynamic ARDL simulations approach

Given a new perspective on the environmental hypothesis, this paper systematically investigates the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), pollution haven, and pollution halo hypotheses using carbon efficiency as the dependent variable. Applying the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag...

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Autores principales: Ozkan, Oktay, Coban, Mustafa Necati, Iortile, Iormom Bruce, Usman, Ojonugwa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10147903/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37118402
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26671-5
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author Ozkan, Oktay
Coban, Mustafa Necati
Iortile, Iormom Bruce
Usman, Ojonugwa
author_facet Ozkan, Oktay
Coban, Mustafa Necati
Iortile, Iormom Bruce
Usman, Ojonugwa
author_sort Ozkan, Oktay
collection PubMed
description Given a new perspective on the environmental hypothesis, this paper systematically investigates the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), pollution haven, and pollution halo hypotheses using carbon efficiency as the dependent variable. Applying the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulations based on the annual time series data over the period 1990–2019, the study found that real GDP per capita has negative effects on China’s environmental quality both in the short and long run, whereas the square of real GDP per capita has positive impacts. This validates the EKC hypothesis for China. Furthermore, foreign direct investment has negative effects on environmental quality in China, implying that the case of China exemplifies the pollution haven hypothesis and not the pollution halo hypothesis. The empirical results also demonstrate that energy efficiency and trade openness improve China’s environmental quality both in the short run and long run. These findings, therefore, provide insights into achieving the ambitious climate goals in China by 2050.
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spelling pubmed-101479032023-05-01 Reconsidering the environmental Kuznets curve, pollution haven, and pollution halo hypotheses with carbon efficiency in China: A dynamic ARDL simulations approach Ozkan, Oktay Coban, Mustafa Necati Iortile, Iormom Bruce Usman, Ojonugwa Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Research Article Given a new perspective on the environmental hypothesis, this paper systematically investigates the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), pollution haven, and pollution halo hypotheses using carbon efficiency as the dependent variable. Applying the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulations based on the annual time series data over the period 1990–2019, the study found that real GDP per capita has negative effects on China’s environmental quality both in the short and long run, whereas the square of real GDP per capita has positive impacts. This validates the EKC hypothesis for China. Furthermore, foreign direct investment has negative effects on environmental quality in China, implying that the case of China exemplifies the pollution haven hypothesis and not the pollution halo hypothesis. The empirical results also demonstrate that energy efficiency and trade openness improve China’s environmental quality both in the short run and long run. These findings, therefore, provide insights into achieving the ambitious climate goals in China by 2050. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023-04-29 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10147903/ /pubmed/37118402 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26671-5 Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Research Article
Ozkan, Oktay
Coban, Mustafa Necati
Iortile, Iormom Bruce
Usman, Ojonugwa
Reconsidering the environmental Kuznets curve, pollution haven, and pollution halo hypotheses with carbon efficiency in China: A dynamic ARDL simulations approach
title Reconsidering the environmental Kuznets curve, pollution haven, and pollution halo hypotheses with carbon efficiency in China: A dynamic ARDL simulations approach
title_full Reconsidering the environmental Kuznets curve, pollution haven, and pollution halo hypotheses with carbon efficiency in China: A dynamic ARDL simulations approach
title_fullStr Reconsidering the environmental Kuznets curve, pollution haven, and pollution halo hypotheses with carbon efficiency in China: A dynamic ARDL simulations approach
title_full_unstemmed Reconsidering the environmental Kuznets curve, pollution haven, and pollution halo hypotheses with carbon efficiency in China: A dynamic ARDL simulations approach
title_short Reconsidering the environmental Kuznets curve, pollution haven, and pollution halo hypotheses with carbon efficiency in China: A dynamic ARDL simulations approach
title_sort reconsidering the environmental kuznets curve, pollution haven, and pollution halo hypotheses with carbon efficiency in china: a dynamic ardl simulations approach
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10147903/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37118402
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26671-5
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