Isolated Frontal Sinus Mucormycosis Post Covid 19-external Approaches Revisited!

BACKGROUND: Isolated frontal sinus involvement in mucormycosis is seen very infrequently. Recent technological advances including image guided navigation and angled endoscopes have shifted paradigm towards minimally invasive surgeries. Open approaches are still relevant for the disease of frontal sinus with lateral extension where effective clearance cannot be obtained if approached endoscopically. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the presentation and management of patients of mucormycosis with isolated frontal sinus involvement with help of external approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The available records of the patients were retrieved and analysed. The literature, the associated contributory clinical features and management techniques were reviewed. RESULTS: 4 patients presented with isolated frontal sinus mucor involvement. 3 out of 4 patients had history of diabetes mellitus (75%). All patients had history of covid-19 infection (100%). 3 out of 4 patients had unilateral frontal sinus involvement and were operated by Lynch Howarth approach. Mean age of presentation was 46 years with male predominance. Bicoronal approach was used in one case with bilateral involvement. CONCLUSION: Although conservative endoscopic surgeries are preferred nowadays for frontal sinus clearance but the extensive bony destruction with lateral extension in our series of patients with isolated frontal sinus mucormycosis warranted the need for open procedures.