Coexistence of Biopsychosocial Factors With Lumbopelvic Pain in Indian Women: A Systematic Review

In general, women appear to report lumbopelvic pain (LPP) more frequently. In addition to the biomechanical risks, this systematic review aimed to identify the add-on biopsychosocial implications of LPP among women in the Indian community. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PEDro, and Google Scholar were searched twice from inception to a final systematic literature search in December 2022. All studies addressing Indian women with LPP were selected. Studies on non-musculoskeletal LPP were excluded. Qualities of non-experimental and experimental research articles were assessed through the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist and Cochrane risk of bias criteria for Effective Practice and Organization of Care reviewsrespectively. Data synthesis was narrative as the selected studies differed substantially. Habitual squatting, kneeling, and continuous sitting were identified as ergonomic risks to LPP. Menopause, cesarean, and multiple deliveries influence the onset of LPP among women. There is a severe deficit in data about the musculoskeletal implications of LPP. There are insufficient data present to summarize the biopsychosocial risks of LPP. Even the exact anatomical sites of LPP were not described in most articles. Due to the severe scarcity of data, there is an alarming need to explore the musculoskeletal as well as psychosocial consequences of LPP in Indian women. Among rural women, LPP was common in those working as laborers; which are physically robust jobs with respect to strength and anthropometrics of women. Domestic chores in India involve a lot of manual work; placing unequal loads on the lumbar spine, eventually resulting in LPP. Therefore ergonomic strategies for women should be designed to meet the needs and demands of their respective occupations as well as domestic chores.